74% of US adults
take dietary supplements, and 55% are regular users, in the Council for Responsible Nutrition's 2023 consumer survey of 3,192 adults.
Council for Responsible Nutrition and Ipsos, 2023Vitamin B12 is the lead active here, studied most for vitamin B12 status. 17 human studies on Vitamin B12 back this formula, each one cited. Each serving carries 1,000 mcg of Vitamin B12, inside the range the published research used. Who it fits: skews toward women, adults.
Verified by IngredientMDThe panel on the left is the one we evaluated, line by line.
All 1 actives checked against the clinical evidence: dose, form, and what the research actually shows.
Doses, ratios, and how the ingredients work together. That assessment is the verdict above: "Strong evidence, strong dose".
The verdict is public and identical whether or not a brand pays. A formula that does not clear the bar gets nothing.
Read by the engine against 2.1 million data points from clinical trials, PubMed and more than a hundred vetted sources. No individual reviewer is named or implied.
Cross-checked against 169 documented interactions for these actives.
Public health figures the engine matched to this formula's ingredients. Reported by their source, cited and dated, never written by the brand.
74% of US adults
take dietary supplements, and 55% are regular users, in the Council for Responsible Nutrition's 2023 consumer survey of 3,192 adults.
Council for Responsible Nutrition and Ipsos, 202392% of US supplement users
agree that dietary supplements are essential to maintaining their health, in the Council for Responsible Nutrition's 2023 consumer survey.
Council for Responsible Nutrition and Ipsos, 202312.3% of US adults
met the fruit intake recommendation and 10.0% the vegetable recommendation in 2019, in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System across 49 states.
CDC, MMWR, 202215% of US adults
aged 20 and over ate no breakfast on the day of their dietary recall, in the 2017 to March 2020 What We Eat in America survey.
USDA Agricultural Research Service, 202460.2% of US adults aged 20 and over
took a dietary supplement in the past 30 days, and 38.7% took two or more, in the 2021 to 2023 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
CDC National Center for Health Statistics, 202659 to 66 days
was the median time it took adults to make a new daily health habit automatic across the studies a 2024 review pooled, with individuals ranging from 4 to 335 days.
Systematic review and meta-analysis, 202461% to 74%
About 61 to 74 percent of adults refilling a long-term medicine on their own stopped within a year, versus 33 to 44 percent on one set pickup day.
Cohort study, 2015USDA advises fortified foods or supplements after 50
In its national intake tables USDA notes that "it is advised that individuals over 50 meet their B12 requirement with fortified foods or supplements".
NHANESSystematic review and meta-analysis, 2025
Across 16 studies in 6,098 people, vitamin B12 supplementation raised serum B12 by about 403 pg/mL, and oral or sublingual doses raised it about as much as intramuscular injections.
Frontiers in PharmacologySystematic review, 2025
In adults with low B12 status, oral and injected B12 were both reported to raise blood B12, to a broadly similar degree across the included studies.
Systematic reviewMeta-analysis, 1998
Across 12 trials in 1,114 people, adding about 0.5 mg of B12 daily cut homocysteine, a blood marker, by a further 7% beyond folic acid's 25% drop.
BMJMeta-analysis, 2021
Across trials in adults who were not deficient, B12 supplementation showed no detectable improvement in cognitive test scores, mood scores or tiredness.
Meta-analysisMeta-analysis, 2026
A review assessed vitamin B12 supplements for growth, development and thinking skills in children, reporting the pooled findings with their certainty level.
Meta-analysisPopulation figures from public health data. Context for the category, not a statement about any individual and not a claim about this product.
Each line below was derived from this formula's own record at the time of verification. Nothing here was written by the brand, and nothing can be added that the evidence does not carry.
Where a trial measured an actual number, we show it next to the claim. It is the average across the trials, never a promise about one person.
A further 7 percent reduction in plasma homocysteine on top of what folic acid achieves.
Read at the source. The magnitude sits beside the same trial the claim already cites. It describes what the trials measured, never what any one person will feel.
Time-to-effect windows the engine read from the trial record. Each is a window a named study measured, cited and dated, never written by the brand.
A randomised, double-blind, parallel-group dose-finding trial in 120 older people with mild vitamin B12 deficiency, defined as serum B12 of 100 to 300 pmol/L with methylmalonic acid at or above 0.26 umol/L, gave daily oral cyanocobalamin at 2.5, 100, 250, 500 or 1000 ug for 16 weeks. Mean plasma methylmalonic acid fell 16%, 16%, 23%, 33% and 33% across those doses. Daily doses of 647 to 1032 ug accounted for 80% to 90% of the estimated maximum reduction. The window was measured on a blood marker of B12 status, not on a symptom.
An open-label randomised single-dose pharmacokinetic study in 20 healthy men aged 20 to 45, conducted and authored by staff of Emisphere Technologies, the developer of the SNAC carrier under test, measured serum vitamin B12 after one 5 mg cyanocobalamin tablet, with six men on the marketed tablet. Time to peak serum B12 was 6.83 hours for the marketed tablet and 0.5 hours for the carrier coformulation. Absolute bioavailability was 2.16% and 5.09% respectively. One trial, six men per arm. Serum concentration was measured, not any symptom.
Windows measured in the cited trials. Context for how the active behaves over time, not a statement about any individual and not a claim about this product.
One ingredient, from its own page.
Markers move first. Methylmalonic acid and homocysteine start shifting within a week or two, while anything you would notice takes several weeks of daily use.
How each ingredient usually behaves over time, from its own page on IngredientMD. General timing for the ingredient, not a measurement of this product.
It is a tablet, so the amount per serving is fixed and it stores well.
Where two of this brand's products carry actives the literature has read together, the pairing and its basis are below. The evidence word is the corpus row's own confidence, never a score.
Folate and B12 run the same reaction: the enzyme methionine synthase uses B12 to pass folate's methyl group to homocysteine, which rebuilds methionine and frees folate to keep cycling. Without enough B12 the methyl group stays locked on folate and the cycle stalls, which is why the two are routinely supplied together.
Settled one-carbon biochemistry. No combination trial has tested this exact pairing.
Biotin-dependent propionyl-CoA carboxylase and the B12-dependent methylmalonyl-CoA mutase run one after the other in propionate catabolism. A gap in either cofactor stalls the same route.
consecutive steps in one pathway. No combination trial has tested this exact pairing.
Put an earned verification on your own product page.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. This record is not medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.