About 42% of Americans
take in less calcium than the estimated average requirement.
NHANESIron is the lead active here, studied most for oxygen delivery to working muscle. 17 human studies on Iron back this formula, each one cited. Who it fits: skews toward women, adults.
Verified by IngredientMDThe panel on the left is the one we evaluated, line by line.
All 5 actives checked against the clinical evidence: dose, form, and what the research actually shows.
Doses, ratios, and how the ingredients work together. That assessment is the verdict above: "Backed by human trials".
The verdict is public and identical whether or not a brand pays. A formula that does not clear the bar gets nothing.
Read by the engine against 2.1 million data points from clinical trials, PubMed and more than a hundred vetted sources. No individual reviewer is named or implied.
Cross-checked against 1,918 documented interactions for these actives.
Public health figures the engine matched to this formula's ingredients. Reported by their source, cited and dated, never written by the brand.
About 42% of Americans
take in less calcium than the estimated average requirement.
NHANES24.2% of US adults
aged 18 and over met both the aerobic and muscle strengthening activity guidelines in 2020, in the National Health Interview Survey.
CDC National Center for Health Statistics, 202231% of US adults
said they were taking protein supplements such as powders, drinks, or bars, in a Pew Research Center survey fielded in July 2026.
Pew Research Center, 202621.1% of the US population
aged 15 and over took part in sports, exercise, or recreation on an average day in 2023, in the American Time Use Survey.
US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 202457.6%
During 2017 to 2018, 57.6% of US adults aged 20 and over reported using a dietary supplement in the past 30 days.
CDC National Center for Health StatisticsAbout 10% of US women of reproductive age
are iron deficient.
Peer-reviewed analysis41.3% of US men aged 18 to 34
met both the aerobic and muscle strengthening activity guidelines in 2020, the highest rate of any age and sex group, in the National Health Interview Survey.
CDC National Center for Health Statistics, 202237% of US adults aged 18 to 29
said they were taking protein supplements such as powders, drinks, or bars, roughly double the rate among adults aged 65 and over, in a Pew Research Center survey fielded in July 2026.
Pew Research Center, 202659 to 66 days
was the median time it took adults to make a new daily health habit automatic across the studies a 2024 review pooled, with individuals ranging from 4 to 335 days.
Systematic review and meta-analysis, 202461% to 74%
About 61 to 74 percent of adults refilling a long-term medicine on their own stopped within a year, versus 33 to 44 percent on one set pickup day.
Cohort study, 2015Randomised trial, 2020
Maltodextrin taken during a resistance training session supplied carbohydrate to working muscle and altered the metabolic response to the session compared with placebo.
Journal of sports science & medicineRandomised trial, 2026
Compared combined beta-alanine plus sodium bicarbonate against each alone on physical capacity measures in trained participants. The design is what makes the comparison informative for stacking decisions.
International Journal of Sports Physiology and PerformanceRandomised trial, 2025
A leucine-enriched beta-lactoglobulin preparation was compared with an isonitrogenous whey protein isolate for skeletal muscle protein synthesis, a stable-isotope marker measured over hours rather than a change in muscle size.
NutrientsRandomised trial, 2026
Microencapsulated sodium butyrate was tested against abdominal symptom scores and carbohydrate metabolism markers in adults with high blood sugar. Again a butyrate trial in which sodium is the carrier salt.
Scientific ReportsSystematic review, 2026
Across the trials reviewed, whey and soy protein supplementation alongside resistance training in young adults was associated with changes in training adaptations, with the authors noting variability between studies.
Journal of Dietary SupplementsSystematic review, 2025
Supplementation with milk proteins was reviewed for effects on body composition and anthropometric measures, with results varying by the training and dietary context of the underlying trials.
NutrientsRandomised trial, 2020
In a controlled dietary intervention in adults, changing sodium and potassium intake shifted how the body handled calcium and phosphate, indicating that sodium intake affects normal mineral balance.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and MetabolismSystematic review, 2026
Long-term plant and animal protein supplementation were compared for body composition, muscle strength and physical performance. The review did not detect a clear separation between the two sources, which is a failure to detect a difference rather than evidence that they perform identically.
Frontiers in NutritionRandomised trial, 2019
Whey protein isolate taken during endurance training did not produce a detectable change in cycling performance or the immune measures recorded, which is a failure to detect a difference and not evidence that none exists.
Frontiers in NutritionSystematic review, 2026
A systematic review catalogued gastrointestinal symptoms reported across sodium bicarbonate dosing protocols and described how symptom burden varies with dose, timing and whether the dose is split or given with food.
European Journal of Sport ScienceRandomised trial, 2026
A dietary fibre and counselling trial during weight management in which maltodextrin is named among the study preparations. The reported tolerability findings are not attributable to it.
Scientific ReportsSystematic review, 2025
A review looked at early protein intake in infancy and later body weight and metabolic measures in children, finding associations across cohorts rather than a demonstrated cause.
The American Journal of Clinical NutritionRandomised trial, 2026
A randomised trial tested an algorithm-driven sodium supplementation protocol against usual care and measured growth in infants born preterm.
Pediatrics Open ScienceRandomised trial, 2025
In a trial of 104 very preterm infants, oral sodium supplementation raised daily weight gain by 3.6 grams per kilogram compared with placebo.
BMJ Paediatrics OpenPopulation figures from public health data. Context for the category, not a statement about any individual and not a claim about this product.
Each line below was derived from this formula's own record at the time of verification. Nothing here was written by the brand, and nothing can be added that the evidence does not carry.
One pairing in this formula has been studied as a combination in human trials. Each finding below is what a named study measured, cited and dated, never written by the brand.
In a randomized placebo-controlled trial in 26 athletes rehydrating after exercise, drinks containing sodium and carbohydrate retained about 74 to 77 percent of the fluid consumed over three and a half hours, compared with about 58 percent for plain water.
Research strength. Research strength says how much work stands behind the combination. It is never a product score.
Fail closed. Where actives were studied on their own rather than together, each shows on its own evidence, never a combined effect no trial measured.
Independent record. Every finding is cited to a named trial, dated, and never written by the brand.
Findings from trials that studied these actives as a combination. Context for how the actives were tested together, not a statement about any individual and not a claim about this product.
Time-to-effect windows the engine read from the trial record. Each is a window a named study measured, cited and dated, never written by the brand.
A randomised cross-over trial in ten women of mean age 69 gave a single 500 mg dose of calcium as citrate fasting, citrate with a meal, fortified juice or a dairy product meal, with blood drawn before and at 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours. Serum ionised and total calcium increased significantly from baseline over six hours, with the rise similar after fortified juice, delayed when citrate was taken with a meal and smaller after the dairy meal. A separate double-blind cross-over trial in 25 postmenopausal women measured parathyroid hormone and a bone resorption marker 12 hours after a single calcium dose. Ten participants is a small sample, and what moved was blood chemistry, not a sensation.
A randomised crossover study in 54 nonanemic young women with plasma ferritin at or below 20 ug/L gave labelled iron sulfate as single fasting morning doses of 40, 60, 80, 160 and 240 mg. Twenty four hours after doses of 60 mg or more, serum hepcidin was raised and fractional iron absorption from the following dose was 35% to 45% lower. Across the dose range a sixfold rise in dose, 40 to 240 mg, produced a threefold rise in iron absorbed, 6.7 to 18.1 mg. Total iron absorbed from three doses inside 24 hours was not significantly greater than from two morning doses. The measure was iron absorption and serum hepcidin, not a symptom.
In the excretion studies the EFSA reference opinion reviews, urinary output closely tracked dietary sodium once intake was held steady: 98% of dietary sodium appeared in 24-hour urine in a 3-day study, and 86% of sodium ingested over 4 weeks was recovered in 24-hour urine collected during the same period.
In the controlled metabolic study the EFSA reference opinion reviews, young men held at constant sodium intakes for 29 days per level showed rising average daily urinary aldosterone excretion as intake was stepped down from 4.9 g/day to 2.5 g/day.
In a randomised crossover trial, 12 healthy men aged 19 to 32 consumed 29.6 g of whey protein isolate, with plasma amino acids sampled at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after the dose. Essential amino acids, branched-chain amino acids and leucine all rose significantly from baseline in both arms. The trial's comparison was between a processed isolate and the standard form.
Windows measured in the cited trials. Context for how the active behaves over time, not a statement about any individual and not a claim about this product.
Five ingredients, from each one's own page.
No acute sensation. Parathyroid hormone responds within hours, while bone density shifts over a year or more of steady intake, so this reads on a panel and a scan.
Before everyday stamina shifts. Ferritin, the storage marker, climbs over months of steady daily intake rather than days.
Fast. Sodium shifts fluid within an hour or two, which is why an electrolyte drink lands quickly when you have been sweating.
The amino acid rise happens inside an hour. Strength and lean mass changes are read at eight to twelve weeks in most trials, alongside resistance training.
As a carrier it dissolves with the powder in minutes and has no onset of its own. Taken as a sports carbohydrate it reaches the blood as glucose within about fifteen minutes.
How each ingredient usually behaves over time, from its own page on IngredientMD. General timing for the ingredient, not a measurement of this product.
It is a powder, so the serving scales to the amount you want and mixes into something you already drink.
Where two of this brand's products carry actives the literature has read together, the pairing and its basis are below. The evidence word is the corpus row's own confidence, never a score.
Caffeine modestly raises the amount of calcium passed in urine and slightly lowers how much the gut takes up, so keeping calcium intake adequate helps hold normal calcium balance. The effect per serving is small and easily offset by sufficient intake.
Established mineral pharmacology. No combination trial has tested this exact pairing.
The two hydroxylases in the carnitine pathway are iron dependent enzymes that also need ascorbate to keep the iron in its active state. Iron status is part of the same requirement.
cofactor for carnitine biosynthesis. No combination trial has tested this exact pairing.
Put an earned verification on your own product page.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. This record is not medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.