Tetrahydrocannabinol.

CBD changes both how THC signals at CB1 and how quickly it is metabolised, which is why the two are almost always discussed as a ratio rather than separately. A systematic review pooled inflammatory biomarker data across studies of both compounds. The direction and size of the modulation depends heavily on dose ratio and route, so the interaction is real but not fixed.

Oral THC absorption is erratic and depends on lipid presence for micellar solubilisation and partial lymphatic transport. A high-fat meal substantially raises systemic exposure from the same oral dose. That variability is why oral onset is slow and unpredictable compared with inhalation.

Lecithin lets an oil-soluble cannabinoid form a stable dispersion in a water-based product, which is the basis of most nanoemulsion beverages. Better dispersion generally means faster and less variable absorption. This is formulation chemistry, and it does not change what the compound does once absorbed.

THC produces dose-dependent sedation through CB1 signalling while melatonin acts on circadian timing through MT1 and MT2 receptors. Combined, the sedative effect adds, which is worth flagging rather than celebrating. Next-morning impairment is a real consideration, and neither should be combined with driving or operating machinery.

Induction of CYP3A4 speeds clearance of substrates handled by that enzyme, lowering their plasma levels. THC is metabolised by CYP2C9 and CYP3A4, so co-use would be expected to reduce exposure. St John's wort also interacts with a long list of prescription medicines, which is the larger issue in any case.

Slowing first-pass metabolism raises plasma levels from the same oral dose. With a compound whose effects are steeply dose-dependent and already variable orally, raising exposure unpredictably is a risk rather than a feature. The inhibition is non-selective and affects co-administered medicines too.

Endocannabinoids are built from arachidonic acid, and dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fat shifts the membrane precursor pool that feeds that system. The reported offsetting effect was measured in rodents with sex-specific differences. It says nothing about what omega-3 does alongside THC in an adult, and prenatal cannabis exposure is a setting where the only sound advice is avoidance.

Caffeine raises alertness while THC at typical doses lowers it, so the two partly mask each other subjectively. Masking sedation does not restore reaction time or judgement. Both also raise heart rate, and that effect adds rather than cancels.