Legend Pre-Workout.

The gap this formula speaks to.

Public health figures the engine matched to this formula's ingredients. Reported by their source, cited and dated, never written by the brand.

Population figures from public health data. Context for the category, not a statement about any individual and not a claim about this product.

Every one of these is a fact the engine could ground.

Each line below was derived from this formula's own record at the time of verification. Nothing here was written by the brand, and nothing can be added that the evidence does not carry.

• Studied in people19 human studies on Beta-Alanine back this formula, each one cited.
• A mechanism that is settledHow L-Citrulline (Vegan Fermented) and Beta-Alanine work is settled pharmacology.
• Studied together, not just separatelyL-Citrulline (Vegan Fermented) and Beta-Alanine have been studied together, not only separately.
• Recent work on the recordThe most recent study on this record was published in 2025.
• Serving amount inside the studied rangeEach serving carries 4,000 mg of L-Citrulline (Vegan Fermented), inside the range the published research used.
• A stated daily maintenance amountL-Citrulline (Vegan Fermented) is here at a daily maintenance amount, which is what a daily supplement is for.
• Why this formatIt is a powder, so the serving scales to the amount you want and mixes into something you already drink.
• The exact form, describedThe label names its forms exactly: L-Citrulline, Beta-alanine, Bonded arginine silicate (inositol-stabilised). The record says what each one is and what it suits.
• An absorption partner in the same servingL-Citrulline (Vegan Fermented) is in the same serving as Astragalus membranaceus and Panax notoginseng Root extracts, where it has a measured absorption role.
• Full label disclosureEvery ingredient on this label carries its own declared amount.
• Where it comes from and how it is madeL-Citrulline (Vegan Fermented) is made by fermentation.
• Positions this formula already qualifies forThis formula already qualifies for positions beyond the one it is sold into, on the evidence it carries.
• A position nobody is holding yetSome of those positions are ones almost nobody is selling to yet.

The combinations the trials actually measured.

One pairing in this formula has been studied as a combination in human trials. Each finding below is what a named study measured, cited and dated, never written by the brand.

• Natural Caffeine (from Coffee (Coffea spp.) Bean) + TaurineEnergy

  In a 2025 network meta-analysis, caffeine and taurine taken together improved reaction time and anaerobic capacity more than either compound alone.

  Deng et al., 2025 (J Int Soc Sports Nutr)PMID 41032459

  Promising

Findings from trials that studied these actives as a combination. Context for how the actives were tested together, not a statement about any individual and not a claim about this product.

The size of the effect, in plain numbers.

Where a trial measured an actual number, we show it next to the claim. It is the average across the trials, never a promise about one person.

What the trials show about timing.

Time-to-effect windows the engine read from the trial record. Each is a window a named study measured, cited and dated, never written by the brand.

• L-Citrulline (Vegan Fermented)within about 1 hour of a single doseMeasured within a day

  In a randomised double-blind crossover trial in 19 recreationally active women, a single 8 g dose of citrulline malate taken 60 minutes before testing raised total work in a 5-repetition isokinetic leg extension protocol compared with placebo, with no difference in peak torque and no difference in the 50-repetition protocol. A separate crossover trial in 10 well-trained men using 12 g 60 minutes before high-intensity cycling found no change in time to exhaustion or power.

  Gills et al., 2023 (J Strength Cond Res)PMID 34319940

  Cunniffe et al., 2016 (J Strength Cond Res)PMID 26808848

  Early
• Beta-Alanineabout 4 to 10 weeks of daily useBuilds with daily use

  In the trial record, muscle carnosine rises about 59% over 4 weeks of daily beta-alanine, with further gains, about 80%, by 10 weeks.

  Hill et al., 2006 (Amino Acids)PMID 16868650

  Promising
• L-Tyrosineabout two hours after a single dose, under cold stressMeasured within a day

  Two controlled crossover trials in cold-exposure stress measured working memory at a set interval after dosing. Eight men took 150 mg per kg of L-tyrosine two hours before a 30 minute delayed matching-to-sample task at 4 degrees Celsius. Matching accuracy at the longest delay returned to the level seen at 22 degrees Celsius. In 19 volunteers immersed twice for 90 minutes in roughly 10 degree water, a 150 mg per kg bar taken before each immersion raised correct responses on the same memory measure. Both were small trials in an induced-stress setting, and a later crossover trial under exercise heat stress in eight men found no cognitive change despite raised serum tyrosine.

  Shurtleff et al., 1994PMID 8029265

  Mahoney et al., 2007PMID 17585971

  Early
• Taurinea single 4 g dose on the day of exerciseMeasured within a day

  In a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled crossover trial in 16 trained young men, a single 4 g dose of taurine taken before graded cycling in hot and humid conditions lengthened time to exhaustion on the same day compared with placebo, while 1 g and 6 g doses showed no effect.

  Li et al., 2025 (Frontiers in nutrition)PMID 41158650

  Early
• Natural Caffeine (from Coffee (Coffea spp.) Bean)within about 45 to 60 minutes of a single doseMeasured within a day

  In a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial, 15 resistance-trained women took 4 mg per kg body mass of caffeine 60 minutes before a strength and power battery. Squat one-repetition maximum rose 4.5 percent and countermovement jump height 7.6 percent against placebo. A separate crossover trial in 11 active adults began its cycling tests 45 minutes after a 3 mg per kg capsule and recorded a peak-power increase of about 4 percent on the first day of ingestion.

  Norum et al., 2020PMID 32681596

  Lara et al., 2019PMID 30673725

  Promising
• Natural Caffeine (from Coffee (Coffea spp.) Bean)held for about 15 to 18 days of daily use, then narrowedBuilds with daily use

  One crossover trial mapped the day-to-day time course in 11 healthy active adults taking 3 mg per kg per day for 20 consecutive days. Peak cycling power in the incremental test stayed about 4.0 percent above placebo for the first 15 days and the difference then lessened. Wingate peak power was still raised on days 1, 4, 15 and 18 by about 4.9 percent. The authors describe the shrinking margin as progressive tolerance. This is one trial with 11 participants.

  Lara et al., 2019PMID 30673725

  Early

Windows measured in the cited trials. Context for how the active behaves over time, not a statement about any individual and not a claim about this product.

How each ingredient usually behaves over time.

11 ingredients, from each one's own page.

• L-Citrulline (Vegan Fermented)

  Plasma arginine peaks around an hour after a dose, which is when the fuller feeling in working muscle turns up. Performance changes build across one to two weeks.

  Its own page, the plain answer on timing ↗

• Beta-AlanineTwo to four weeks

  Before the extra buffering turns up in hard sets, and muscle carnosine keeps climbing for a couple of months after that.

  Its own page, the plain answer on timing ↗

• Inositol Stabilized Arginine SilicateAbout thirty minutes

  Blood arginine rises within about thirty minutes of a serving and stays up for hours, which is why it is taken shortly before training.

  Its own page, the plain answer on timing ↗

• Panax notoginseng (root) and Rosa roxburghii (fruit) extracts

  Circulatory and recovery measures in notoginseng research are read across weeks. Traditional use for bruising after exertion runs shorter, over several days.

  Its own page, the plain answer on timing ↗

• L-Tyrosine

  Within about an hour of a dose. It shows up most when you're stretched by short sleep, cold, noise or back-to-back pressure. On an easy day there's less for it to do.

  Its own page, the plain answer on timing ↗

• Taurine

  Most of what taurine does is measured rather than felt. The trials that saw shifts in blood pressure or exercise measures ran one to three months of daily use.

  Its own page, the plain answer on timing ↗

How each ingredient usually behaves over time, from its own page on IngredientMD. General timing for the ingredient, not a measurement of this product.

The same ingredient, carried differently.

What each form is, and where it fits in a formula. Measured findings carry the study that reported them.

• L-Citrulline

  The non-protein amino acid citrulline in its uncombined free form, not bonded to another acid, mineral, or carrier. Every labelled gram is citrulline itself.

  Fits

  Suits a formula that wants citrulline on its own with no added acid weight, so the panel gram and the citrulline gram are the same number. Folds cleanly into capsules and unflavored or lightly flavored powders.

  Trade-off

  It carries no malic acid, so a brand following a citrulline-malate dosing protocol cannot match gram-for-gram and has to convert. The plain powder can taste faintly bitter in a simple drink mix.

  In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial, 10 healthy men took 6 g/day of free-form L-citrulline for 7 days. Tolerance to severe-intensity cycling and total work completed were higher than placebo, while L-arginine at the same dose was not.

  Bailey et al., 2015 (J Appl Physiol)
• Beta-alanine

  The free beta amino acid, freely water soluble, supplied as a crystalline powder

  Fits

  Divided daily doses spread through the day, and anyone who wants to control the amount per serving exactly

  Trade-off

  A single larger dose commonly produces transient skin tingling, which is why the total is usually split

• L-Tyrosine

  The unmodified crystalline amino acid, carrying no salt, ester, or acetyl group. The form produced by fermentation and used in most tyrosine research.

  Fits

  A straightforward, well-characterised powder that fills capsules, tablets, and dry-powder blends, and is the form used across most human tyrosine studies.

  Trade-off

  It is only sparingly water-soluble, so it disperses poorly in liquids and effervescent formats and can leave grit or need a large volume of fluid to dissolve.

• Taurine

  The zwitterionic free acid, 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid. It dissolves readily in water and gives a near-neutral solution, and it is the form used in essentially all published supplementation trials.

  Fits

  Capsules, unflavoured powders, sticks and ready-to-drink formats where solution pH needs to stay near neutral.

  Trade-off

  Unflavoured powder has a faintly sweet-saline taste that shows through in plain water, so beverage formats usually flavour around it.

• Natural caffeineActive and formulation aid

  Caffeine recovered from a plant extract, arriving with residual polyphenols, chlorogenic acids or saponins depending on source

  Fits

  Products that want a plant-derived source declaration

  Trade-off

  The co-extracted plant constituents can add their own effects, including polyphenol binding of non-heme iron, and caffeine percentage varies with the extract. The caffeine molecule itself is identical whatever the source

• AstraGinFormulation aid

  Fine off-white to tan powder, water dispersible, carrying triterpene saponins from both roots. The manufacturer standardises to its own internal marker profile rather than a publicly named compound.

  Fits

  Powders, capsules and tablets where the formulator wants a fixed, repeatable material at a low inclusion rate.

  Trade-off

  The composition and marker set are held as proprietary, so an independent laboratory cannot assay a batch against a published specification or compare two lots.

Descriptions of the form itself, read from the cited studies. Not a comparison between products and not a statement about any individual.

Powder

It is a powder, so the serving scales to the amount you want and mixes into something you already drink.