24.2% of US adults
aged 18 and over met both the aerobic and muscle strengthening activity guidelines in 2020, in the National Health Interview Survey.
CDC National Center for Health Statistics, 2022L-Citrulline is the lead active here, studied most for oxygen delivery to working muscle. 16 human studies on L-Citrulline back this formula, each one cited. Each serving carries 4,500 mg of L-Citrulline, inside the range the published research used. Who it fits: for everyone, adults.
Verified by IngredientMDThe panel on the left is the one we evaluated, line by line.
All 12 actives checked against the clinical evidence: dose, form, and what the research actually shows.
Doses, ratios, and how the ingredients work together. That assessment is the verdict above: "Strong evidence, strong dose".
The verdict is public and identical whether or not a brand pays. A formula that does not clear the bar gets nothing.
Read by the engine against 2.1 million data points from clinical trials, PubMed and more than a hundred vetted sources. No individual reviewer is named or implied.
Cross-checked against 1,576 documented interactions for these actives.
Public health figures the engine matched to this formula's ingredients. Reported by their source, cited and dated, never written by the brand.
24.2% of US adults
aged 18 and over met both the aerobic and muscle strengthening activity guidelines in 2020, in the National Health Interview Survey.
CDC National Center for Health Statistics, 202231% of US adults
said they were taking protein supplements such as powders, drinks, or bars, in a Pew Research Center survey fielded in July 2026.
Pew Research Center, 202621.1% of the US population
aged 15 and over took part in sports, exercise, or recreation on an average day in 2023, in the American Time Use Survey.
US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 202457.6%
During 2017 to 2018, 57.6% of US adults aged 20 and over reported using a dietary supplement in the past 30 days.
CDC National Center for Health Statistics41.3% of US men aged 18 to 34
met both the aerobic and muscle strengthening activity guidelines in 2020, the highest rate of any age and sex group, in the National Health Interview Survey.
CDC National Center for Health Statistics, 202237% of US adults aged 18 to 29
said they were taking protein supplements such as powders, drinks, or bars, roughly double the rate among adults aged 65 and over, in a Pew Research Center survey fielded in July 2026.
Pew Research Center, 202659 to 66 days
was the median time it took adults to make a new daily health habit automatic across the studies a 2024 review pooled, with individuals ranging from 4 to 335 days.
Systematic review and meta-analysis, 202461% to 74%
About 61 to 74 percent of adults refilling a long-term medicine on their own stopped within a year, versus 33 to 44 percent on one set pickup day.
Cohort study, 2015Systematic review and meta-analysis, 2021
Across 8 studies, taking 6 to 8 grams of citrulline malate 40 to 60 minutes before strength training raised repetitions completed before muscular failure by about 6.4 percent.
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise MetabolismMeta-analysis, 2017
In older adults doing resistance training, adding creatine increased lean tissue mass by about 1.37 kg and produced greater chest and leg press strength than training alone across 22 trials.
Open Access Journal of Sports MedicineMeta-analysis, 2018
Pooling ten trials each, caffeine produced a small increase in maximal muscle strength (SMD 0.20) and in muscle power measured by vertical jump (SMD 0.17) compared with placebo.
Journal of the International Society of Sports NutritionRandomised trial, 2026
In 38 active men, caffeine before a 10 km run or 40 km cycling improved completion time by 1.8 percent, though a gene difference in caffeine levels didn't affect performance.
European Journal of Sport ScienceMeta-analysis, 2025
Pooling 8 trials in 176 middle-aged and older adults, l-citrulline improved how well blood vessels widen by about 1.8 percentage points, with no clear change in artery stiffness.
Frontiers in NutritionMeta-analysis, 2024
Pooling 17 trials in 317 healthy adults, at least 7 days of betaine raised maximal strength with a standardized effect of 0.47, most clearly in the lower body.
Journal of Sports SciencesSystematic review and meta-analysis, 2023
Across 8 randomized trials, creatine improved memory performance in healthy people, with the largest effect in adults aged 66 to 76.
Nutrition ReviewsSystematic review, 2019
Across 10 studies at matched doses, caffeine gave similar aerobic and fatigue benefits to men and women, while 4 of 7 studies found bigger strength and sprint gains in men.
NutrientsMeta-analysis, 2022
Across 21 trials at 3 to 9 mg per kg, caffeine lengthened time to exhaustion in running and shortened race completion time compared with placebo.
NutrientsMeta-analysis, 2003
Combining about 100 controlled studies, creatine gave a small but real improvement in short, intense exercise under 30 seconds, with no improvement seen in running or swimming.
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise MetabolismSystematic review, 2026
A comparison of protein, creatine and omega-3 found each supported muscle strength and endurance outcomes to a different degree alongside training.
NutrientsRandomised trial, 2025
In 40 healthy men and women, 33 days of creatine before a muscle-damaging workout sped up strength recovery, with less stiffness and fatigue, and less swelling in the women.
NutrientsSystematic review, 2021
Across 37 blinded crossover studies, caffeinated drinks improved several aspects of sports performance once the drink supplied at least 3 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass.
NutrientsControlled human trial, 1999
One hour after a 150 mg/kg dose, tyrosine held working-memory accuracy higher while participants juggled several tasks at once, compared with placebo, with no change on the simpler single-task version.
Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and BehaviorRandomised trial, 2018
Over 8 weeks of resistance training in untrained young women, betaine lowered fat mass by about 2.0 kg versus 0.8 kg on placebo, while strength gains were similar between groups.
Journal of the International Society of Sports NutritionRandomised trial, 2022
In 8 healthy adults taking 5 grams of creatine monohydrate daily for 14 days, muscle creatine content rose, while creatyl-L-leucine at the same dose produced no change.
International journal of sport nutritionRandomised trial, 2020
In 9 older and 9 young adults cooled for 90 minutes, 150 mg per kg of oral l-tyrosine more than doubled skin vessel narrowing in older adults and helped hold core temperature.
Medicine and Science in Sports and ExerciseSystematic review and meta-analysis, 2019
Across 8 trials, L-citrulline lowered the top blood pressure number by about 4 points, with a drop in the bottom number only at doses of 6 grams a day or more.
Avicenna Journal of PhytomedicineMeta-analysis, 2025
Across 15 trials in middle-aged and older adults, l-citrulline or watermelon intake lowered blood pressure by about 4 points on the top number and about 2.5 points on the bottom number.
Clinical Nutrition ESPENSystematic review, 2010
In a Cochrane review of 13 randomized trials in shift workers, caffeine improved orientation and attention (SMD -0.55) and reduced the number of errors made during simulated night or shifted work versus placebo.
Cochrane Database of Systematic ReviewsSystematic review, 2024
A systematic review of natural compounds taken over months for cognitive performance includes huperzine A among those linked to better scores on cognitive tests in older adults, with few and small trials behind it.
Frontiers in aging neuroscienceDouble-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial, 1989
During 4.5 hours of combined cold and low-oxygen exposure, a single 100 mg/kg dose of tyrosine reduced stress symptoms, low mood, and performance decline in the people who reacted most to the conditions.
Brain Research BulletinSystematic review, 2015
Across the human cognitive and behavioral trials, tyrosine reliably supported working memory and cognitive control during short-term demanding or stressful conditions, with little added benefit when neurotransmitter demand was not raised.
Journal of Psychiatric ResearchRandomised trial, 2020
A multi ingredient pre workout containing huperzine A shifted the balance of energy systems used and improved performance during high intensity exercise, again as a whole blend rather than a single ingredient test.
Journal of the International Society of Sports NutritionSystematic review, 2026
The review of citrulline supplementation in postmenopausal women reports vascular measures as the most consistently affected domain, with muscular and metabolic findings less consistent across the included studies.
BMC Women's HealthRandomised trial, 2026
In a crossover trial in 30 healthy men taking 0 to 4 g a day for 4 weeks, no dose-related changes appeared in blood, biochemical or electrolyte laboratory measures, and mild side effects were no more common than with placebo.
NutrientsRandomised trial, 2022
Curcumin taken together with piperine raised blood vitamin D levels compared with placebo in the women studied.
BMC complementary medicine and therapiesSystematic review, 2021
A review of traditional and modern human evidence found only a few short trials of a standardized Sceletium extract, reporting mood and cognitive test changes in healthy adults, with the evidence called limited overall.
Current neuropharmacologyMeta-analysis, 2025
Across 21 randomised trials, l-citrulline showed no overall effect on body weight, fat mass or fat-free mass, with reductions in fat mass only in exploratory subgroups over age 40 or above 6 g a day.
NutrientsRandomised trial, 1999
In 34 matched pairs of adolescent students reporting poor memory, four weeks of 50 micrograms huperzine A twice daily raised memory quotient to 115 versus 104 on placebo, alongside higher language class scores.
Zhongguo Yao Li Xue BaoRandomised trial, 2010
In an open-label study, agmatine sulfate up to 3.56 g a day kept blood safety measures normal, with mild digestive upset in three participants at the highest dose that cleared.
Pain MedicineRandomised controlled trial, 1999
Cadets taking 2 g of tyrosine daily through a week of demanding military training scored higher on memory and tracking tasks and showed lower systolic blood pressure than those on a calorie-matched control drink.
Brain Research BulletinRandomised trial, 2022
In 18 recreationally trained men, 14 days of 6 g a day betaine anhydrous did not change the number of one-leg press repetitions completed, though the post-exercise rise in the marker IGF-1 was greater than with placebo.
NutrientsMeta-analysis, 2021
Across randomized trials, betaine supplementation lowered plasma homocysteine by about 1.3 micromol/L, and at doses under 4 g a day it did so without the rise in total and LDL cholesterol seen at higher doses.
Critical Reviews in Food Science and NutritionPopulation figures from public health data. Context for the category, not a statement about any individual and not a claim about this product.
Each line below was derived from this formula's own record at the time of verification. Nothing here was written by the brand, and nothing can be added that the evidence does not carry.
Time-to-effect windows the engine read from the trial record. Each is a window a named study measured, cited and dated, never written by the brand.
In a randomised double-blind crossover trial in 19 recreationally active women, a single 8 g dose of citrulline malate taken 60 minutes before testing raised total work in a 5-repetition isokinetic leg extension protocol compared with placebo, with no difference in peak torque and no difference in the 50-repetition protocol. A separate crossover trial in 10 well-trained men using 12 g 60 minutes before high-intensity cycling found no change in time to exhaustion or power.
In the trial record, muscle creatine stores rise to a loaded level over about 4 weeks at 3 g daily, or about 1 week with a higher loading dose, and return toward baseline about 4 weeks after stopping.
In a randomised double-blind crossover trial in 12 resistance-trained men, 14 days of betaine at 1.25 g twice daily raised bench throw power and isometric bench press force compared with placebo, with no change in jump squat power or repetitions completed. A meta-analysis of 17 trials in 317 participants reported a modest pooled effect on maximal strength of 0.47 standardised mean difference for regimens of at least 7 days.
Two controlled crossover trials in cold-exposure stress measured working memory at a set interval after dosing. Eight men took 150 mg per kg of L-tyrosine two hours before a 30 minute delayed matching-to-sample task at 4 degrees Celsius. Matching accuracy at the longest delay returned to the level seen at 22 degrees Celsius. In 19 volunteers immersed twice for 90 minutes in roughly 10 degree water, a 150 mg per kg bar taken before each immersion raised correct responses on the same memory measure. Both were small trials in an induced-stress setting, and a later crossover trial under exercise heat stress in eight men found no cognitive change despite raised serum tyrosine.
In a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial, 15 resistance-trained women took 4 mg per kg body mass of caffeine 60 minutes before a strength and power battery. Squat one-repetition maximum rose 4.5 percent and countermovement jump height 7.6 percent against placebo. A separate crossover trial in 11 active adults began its cycling tests 45 minutes after a 3 mg per kg capsule and recorded a peak-power increase of about 4 percent on the first day of ingestion.
One crossover trial mapped the day-to-day time course in 11 healthy active adults taking 3 mg per kg per day for 20 consecutive days. Peak cycling power in the incremental test stayed about 4.0 percent above placebo for the first 15 days and the difference then lessened. Wingate peak power was still raised on days 1, 4, 15 and 18 by about 4.9 percent. The authors describe the shrinking margin as progressive tolerance. This is one trial with 11 participants.
Windows measured in the cited trials. Context for how the active behaves over time, not a statement about any individual and not a claim about this product.
12 ingredients, from each one's own page.
Plasma arginine peaks around an hour after a dose, which is when the fuller feeling in working muscle turns up. Performance changes build across one to two weeks.
Give it two to four weeks of daily use for muscle stores to fill. A higher first week reaches the same place in about five to seven days.
Within the same session. Taken with plenty of water, the extra body water shows up about 30 to 60 minutes in and eases off over the hours after.
Is the usual window for anything you'd notice. The metabolic role is immediate, but it reads as ordinary energy turnover, not a sensation.
Homocysteine shifts on a blood panel by around four weeks, and training changes gather over a couple of months.
Within about an hour of a dose. It shows up most when you're stretched by short sleep, cold, noise or back-to-back pressure. On an easy day there's less for it to do.
Taken before training, muscle fullness shows up within 30 to 60 minutes. The mood and nerve-comfort research runs over weeks and sits mostly in animal work.
Most people notice something 30 to 60 minutes after a dose, and it eases off over the next few hours. The small trials on mood measures ran four to twelve weeks.
Fifteen to forty five minutes for most people, peaking around the hour. How long it lasts depends on liver enzyme activity and varies several fold between people.
For the mood and drive to arrive. It peaks near the hour mark and eases off across one to three hours.
There is nothing to time on its own. Piperine changes how much of its partner compound reaches your blood, so the timeline you watch is that partner's.
For the enzyme effect, and it lingers for hours afterwards. This one works on a same-day clock rather than a weekly build.
How each ingredient usually behaves over time, from its own page on IngredientMD. General timing for the ingredient, not a measurement of this product.
What each form is, and where it fits in a formula. Measured findings carry the study that reported them.
The non-protein amino acid citrulline in its uncombined free form, not bonded to another acid, mineral, or carrier. Every labelled gram is citrulline itself.
In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial, 10 healthy men took 6 g/day of free-form L-citrulline for 7 days. Tolerance to severe-intensity cycling and total work completed were higher than placebo, while L-arginine at the same dose was not.
Creatine crystallised with one water molecule per creatine molecule, roughly 88 percent creatine by mass, weakly soluble in cold water.
The racemic mixture of D- and L-isomers produced by chemical synthesis from maleic or fumaric acid. A white crystalline powder, freely water-soluble and strongly acidic in solution.
Trimethylglycine, the amino acid glycine carrying three methyl groups on its nitrogen, supplied as a dry zwitterion with no bound water and no counter-ion.
In a double-blind randomised controlled trial, 23 untrained young women who took 2.5 g/day betaine anhydrous during 8 weeks of resistance training showed a greater reduction in fat mass and body fat percentage than a placebo group.
The unmodified crystalline amino acid, carrying no salt, ester, or acetyl group. The form produced by fermentation and used in most tyrosine research.
The sulfate salt of decarboxylated arginine. A crystalline, water-soluble powder that is far less hygroscopic than the free base.
Dry crystalline free base with no water of crystallisation, close to a hundred percent caffeine by weight
Descriptions of the form itself, read from the cited studies. Not a comparison between products and not a statement about any individual.
It is a powder, so the serving scales to the amount you want and mixes into something you already drink.
Because the effect builds and holds only with continued daily use, a steady recurring supply is the practical way to keep it going.
Put an earned verification on your own product page.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. This record is not medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.