Wellness Formula.

57.6%

During 2017 to 2018, 57.6% of US adults aged 20 and over reported using a dietary supplement in the past 30 days.

About 24% of US girls aged 14 to 18

take in less copper from food and drink than the estimated average requirement.

30% of US supplement users

name immune health as a reason they take a supplement, second only to general health and wellness, in the Council for Responsible Nutrition's 2024 Consumer Survey.

60.2% of US adults age 20 and over

took a dietary supplement of any kind in the past 30 days, with use higher among women at 66.1% than men at 53.9%, in NHANES data covering August 2021 to August 2023.

46% of US adults

had a usual vitamin C intake below the Estimated Average Requirement from food alone, falling to 33% once supplement intake is counted, across NHANES data from 2005 to 2016.

43.5% of employed US women

and 37.0% of employed US men aged 18 and over missed at least one day of work in the past 12 months because of illness or injury, in the 2017 National Health Interview Survey.

48% of US adults

admit they forget or choose not to wash their hands at key moments, and one in five say they actively choose not to, in the 2025 State of Handwashing Report.

30.5% of US adults

slept less than 7 hours on average in a 24 hour period in 2024, short of the amount the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends, in the National Health Interview Survey.

59 to 66 days

was the median time it took adults to make a new daily health habit automatic across the studies a 2024 review pooled, with individuals ranging from 4 to 335 days.

61% to 74%

About 61 to 74 percent of adults refilling a long-term medicine on their own stopped within a year, versus 33 to 44 percent on one set pickup day.

Randomised trial, 2026

In repeated single-person trials, vitamin C raised blood levels by 20.6 micromol/L and lowered two stress markers, with day-to-day swings bigger than differences between people.

Meta-analysis, 2016

Zinc acetate lozenges cut cold symptom length by about 2.7 days, versus a roughly seven day average, across three pooled trials.

Meta-analysis, 2017

Across 33 trials in 7,175 people, andrographis eased sore throat and cough versus placebo and shortened time to symptom resolution, though the pooled trials were of poor quality.

Meta-analysis, 2019

Across trials in 180 people, elderberry was linked to shorter and milder upper airway symptoms, with a large average effect.

Systematic review, 2021

The authors pooled the available elderberry trials for upper respiratory symptoms and concluded the evidence is limited, the trials small and the certainty low, with some reporting shorter symptom duration.

Randomised trial, 2025

Vitamin D3 supplementation changed the inflammatory protein CHI3L1 and oxidative stress markers in adults with a chronic demyelinating condition. These are markers, not clinical outcomes.

Meta-analysis, 2015

Pooling six trials, andrographis lowered cough frequency and severity more than placebo, though the result varied a lot between studies.

Controlled clinical trial, 2004

Adding vitamin C to an iron-fortified meal at a 4 to 1 ratio with iron raised non-heme iron absorption about 2.9-fold, from 4.1% to 11.7%.

Systematic review, 2020

Across nine trials in 333 people, propolis mouthwash reduced dental plaque and gum inflammation, performing close to chlorhexidine, though most trials carried a high risk of bias.

Meta-analysis, 2024

Across 10 trials in 318 athletes, vitamin D3 raised blood vitamin D by about 14.8 nmol/L and hinted at better muscle strength, though few trials leave that uncertain.

Meta-analysis, 2011

Across 13 trials, about 500 mg of vitamin C daily lowered blood uric acid by roughly 0.35 mg/dL.

Meta-analysis, 2024

Across six trials in 739 women, zinc lowered menstrual discomfort scores, with bigger drops after eight weeks or more, even at doses as low as 7 mg daily.

Meta-analysis, 2014

Pooling 30 trials of 5,615 adults, vitamin D gave a small rise in overall muscle strength, with no measurable effect on muscle mass or power.

Meta-analysis, 2014

Across 44 trials, vitamin C improved how well the blood vessel lining widens, a moderate effect of 0.50, larger at higher doses.

Randomised trial, 2024

In a crossover trial of 18 overweight adults, one week of elderberry juice lowered post-meal blood glucose and raised fat oxidation during and after a meal test.

Meta-analysis, 2024

Across 20 randomised trials with 1,139 adults, propolis lowered interleukin 6 and TNF-alpha, while C-reactive protein was unchanged overall and fell only in trials running 10 weeks or longer.

Meta-analysis, 2024

Across controlled trials, propolis supplementation was followed by lower blood interleukin-6 and CRP, both blood markers rather than measured outcomes.

Randomised trial, 2016

The authors reported shorter symptom duration and lower symptom scores in the elderberry arm compared with placebo among long-haul air travellers.

Meta-analysis, 2026

In adults with metabolic risk factors, selenium supplementation was linked to small changes in blood lipid and inflammatory markers, with results varying between trials.

Meta-analysis, 2024

Across 20 studies, daily vitamin D3 raised blood vitamin D levels by about 10.4 nmol/L more than the same dose of vitamin D2, roughly 40 percent more.

Randomised trial, 2025

In ten adults with excess weight, a week of twice-daily elderberry juice shifted activity in 234 genes versus 59 on placebo, a gene-activity signal rather than a measured outcome.

Meta-analysis, 2019

Across 13 trials, selenium increased activity of an antioxidant enzyme and overall antioxidant capacity, and lowered a marker of fat oxidation in the blood.

Meta-analysis, 2023

Pooling nine controlled trials, propolis raised glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity, with no detectable change in superoxide dismutase and no overall change in malondialdehyde.

Systematic review, 2026

Systematically compares selenium supplementation strategies and reports tissue selenium retention across the forms used.

Meta-analysis, 2012

In trials directly comparing the two forms, vitamin D3 raised blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D more than vitamin D2 did (P = 0.001).

Meta-analysis, 2018

Pooling 21 trials, vitamin A on its own raised haemoglobin and cut the share of people with low haemoglobin by about 26 percent in those with low vitamin A status.

Meta-analysis, 2025

Pooled analysis of selenium supplementation reports changes in selenium status and in inflammatory and oxidative markers in the population studied.

Meta-analysis, 2012

Pooling 29 randomized trials, vitamin C at a median of 500 mg a day lowered systolic blood pressure by about 3.8 mmHg and diastolic by about 1.5 mmHg over a median of eight weeks.

Meta-analysis, 2018

Pooling trials, selenium raised the share of motile sperm by about 3.3 percentage points, with a smaller rise in normally shaped sperm and a higher sperm concentration.

Meta-analysis, 2025

Across four trials in women of reproductive age, zinc lowered premenstrual symptom scores, with the biggest gain in mood and a smaller, less certain gain in physical symptoms.

Meta-analysis, 2025

Pooling controlled trials, the authors report a change in blood pressure readings with propolis supplementation.

Meta-analysis, 2025

Pooling the randomised evidence, the review reports reductions in circulating thyroid autoantibody concentrations with selenium supplementation.

Meta-analysis, 2024

Pooling 21 trials in adults, propolis lowered fasting blood sugar by about 9.75 mg per deciliter and a sugar marker by about 0.46 points.

Meta-analysis, 2014

Across 23 trials of 4,082 adults, vitamin D raised bone mineral density at the femoral neck by about 0.8%, with no measurable change at the spine, hip, or other sites.

Randomised trial, 2020

In this double-blind placebo-controlled trial the investigators did not detect a difference in symptom duration between elderberry extract and placebo. A failure to detect a difference is not a demonstration that none exists.

Meta-analysis, 2026

Pooling randomised trials in adults, zinc had a small effect on body weight and waist circumference and no detectable effect on body mass index, fat mass, fat-free mass or adipokine levels, and the authors call the size of the changes minor.

Systematic review and meta-analysis, 2016

In children older than six months, zinc may shorten a bout of diarrhea by about half a day across nine trials, on low certainty evidence.

Meta-analysis, 2011

Across 36 studies in children under five, zinc modestly increased height growth, adding roughly 0.37 cm at about 10 mg a day for 24 weeks.

Meta-analysis, 2022

Across 19 trials of about 1.2 million children in vitamin A deficient settings, supplementation lowered all-cause mortality by 12 percent (risk ratio 0.88), rated high-certainty evidence.

Randomised trial, 1998

Weekly vitamin A lowered the incidence of night blindness in pregnant women from 10.7 percent to 6.7 percent, and by about 67 percent among those who took nearly all of their doses.

Randomised trial, 2026

In 306 newborns given 50,000 IU vitamin A within 48 hours of birth, the delayed skin immune response to BCG improved modestly in heavier babies, while antibody responses to polio, tetanus and hepatitis B vaccines showed no detectable change.

Randomised trial, 2019

In 103 adults with knee joint discomfort, a standardised andrographis extract (ParActin, 300 or 600 mg daily) lowered WOMAC joint pain and stiffness scores versus placebo across 84 days.