About 45% of US adults
take in less vitamin A than the estimated average requirement.
Peer-reviewed analysisBiotin is the lead active here, studied most for skin health. Zinc is the most studied active here, with 22 human studies behind it, each one cited. Each serving carries 2,500 mcg of Biotin, inside the range the published research used. Who it fits: made for women, adults.
Verified by IngredientMDThe panel on the left is the one we evaluated, line by line.
All 23 actives checked against the clinical evidence: dose, form, and what the research actually shows.
Doses, ratios, and how the ingredients work together. That assessment is the verdict above: "Strong evidence, strong dose".
The verdict is public and identical whether or not a brand pays. A formula that does not clear the bar gets nothing.
Read by the engine against 2.1 million data points from clinical trials, PubMed and more than a hundred vetted sources. No individual reviewer is named or implied.
Cross-checked against 3,093 documented interactions for these actives.
Public health figures the engine matched to this formula's ingredients. Reported by their source, cited and dated, never written by the brand.
About 45% of US adults
take in less vitamin A than the estimated average requirement.
Peer-reviewed analysisAbout 46% of US adults
take in less vitamin C than the estimated average requirement.
Peer-reviewed analysisAbout 41% of US adults
have blood vitamin D below the level considered sufficient.
Peer-reviewed analysisAbout 84% of US adults
take in less vitamin E than the estimated average requirement.
Peer-reviewed analysisAbout 15% of US adults
take in less zinc than the estimated average requirement.
Peer-reviewed analysisAbout 44% of US women aged 19 and over
take in less vitamin C from food and drink than the estimated average requirement.
NHANESMore than 97% of US women aged 19 and over
take in less vitamin D from food and drink than the estimated average requirement.
NHANESAbout 85% of US women aged 19 and over
take in less vitamin E from food and drink than the estimated average requirement.
NHANESAbout 18% of US women aged 19 and over
take in less zinc from food and drink than the estimated average requirement.
NHANESMore than 97% of US women aged 51 to 70
take in less vitamin D from food and drink than the estimated average requirement.
NHANESMeta-analysis, 2023
Pooling 26 trials in 1,721 people, hydrolysed collagen improved skin hydration and elasticity compared with placebo, with the hydration effect varying by collagen source and how long it was taken.
NutrientsClinical trial, 1990
In people with weak, splitting nails, oral biotin increased nail thickness by about 25 percent under scanning electron microscopy and the nail surface became more regular.
Journal of the American Academy of DermatologyMeta-analysis, 2007
Across seven human studies, beta-carotene lessened UV-induced skin reddening, with protection appearing after about 10 weeks and rising roughly half a standard deviation for each extra month of use.
Photochemistry and PhotobiologyMeta-analysis, 2021
Pooling nine trials, oral astaxanthin improved skin elasticity and moisture versus placebo, with no detectable change in wrinkle depth.
NutrientsMeta-analysis, 2025
In a network meta-analysis of 19 trials with 1,658 participants, biotin-containing preparations were among the supplements linked to greater hair density, though most individual trials were small.
Frontiers in nutritionMeta-analysis, 2017
Pooling 9 studies, capsaicin or capsinoids raised daily calorie burn by about 59 kcal, mainly in adults with higher body weight.
Critical Reviews in Food Science and NutritionSystematic review, 2017
Across 18 reported cases, all involving an existing deficiency or related condition, hair and nail growth improved after biotin, with limited evidence of benefit in people who are not deficient.
Skin Appendage DisordersRandomised trial, 1997
In iodine-deficient adults, 0.2 mg of iodide daily reduced thyroid gland volume by about 38% over 12 months compared with placebo.
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and MetabolismMeta-analysis, 2022
Across 8 trials in 1,002 women, vitamin E taken by mouth reduced reported menstrual cramp pain compared with placebo, with the clearest effect in the first month.
Clinical Nutrition ESPENMeta-analysis, 2024
Across six trials in 739 women, zinc lowered menstrual discomfort scores, with bigger drops after eight weeks or more, even at doses as low as 7 mg daily.
NutrientsRandomised trial, 2023
In 160 postmenopausal women with long-standing sleep difficulty, one month of vitamin E brought the median sleep questionnaire score to 6, versus 9 on placebo, where lower means better sleep.
NutrientsRandomised trial, 2021
In 42 adults aged 65 to 82 doing three months of endurance training, ankle muscle endurance rose only in the astaxanthin group, from 353 to 472 contractions.
Physiological ReportsMeta-analysis, 2024
Across 10 trials in 318 athletes, vitamin D3 raised blood vitamin D by about 14.8 nmol/L and hinted at better muscle strength, though few trials leave that uncertain.
Frontiers in NutritionMeta-analysis, 2016
Zinc acetate lozenges cut cold symptom length by about 2.7 days, versus a roughly seven day average, across three pooled trials.
British Journal of Clinical PharmacologyMeta-analysis, 2014
Pooling 30 trials of 5,615 adults, vitamin D gave a small rise in overall muscle strength, with no measurable effect on muscle mass or power.
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and MetabolismRandomised trial, 2007
In 108 healthy adults, one week of 2.64 g daily of l-lysine taken with equal l-arginine lowered anxiety scores and stress-linked spikes, and cut resting saliva cortisol in men.
Biomedical ResearchRandomised trial, 2014
Healthy older adults taking about 200 mg of resveratrol for 26 weeks remembered more words on a memory test and showed stronger brain connectivity than those on placebo.
The Journal of neuroscienceRandomised trial, 2026
In 114 women aged 20 to 50, 1,000 mg a day of fish skin collagen peptides for 24 weeks improved skin elasticity and roughness from week 12 and increased hair thickness by week 24.
Journal of Medicinal FoodMeta-analysis, 2021
Pooling 19 randomised double-blind trials in 1,125 people aged 20 to 70, about 90 days of hydrolysed collagen improved skin hydration and elasticity and reduced wrinkles compared with placebo.
International Journal of DermatologyMeta-analysis, 2026
Pooling randomised trials, oral peptide supplements including collagen peptides improved skin hydration and elasticity measures compared with placebo, with small to moderate effect sizes.
Frontiers in medicineMeta-analysis, 2023
Across 15 trials in 762 adults with excess weight, capsaicin supplementation lowered BMI by 0.25, body weight by 0.51 kg and waist size by 1.12 cm, changes the authors call modest.
British Journal of NutritionMeta-analysis, 2023
Pooling 47 trials of plant compound supplements in adults with joint discomfort, researchers saw changes in inflammation markers, not health outcomes, and garlic is mentioned only in passing.
Frontiers in ImmunologyRandomised trial, 2017
Vitamin C-enriched gelatin taken an hour before intermittent activity raised circulating markers of collagen synthesis and increased collagen formation in an engineered ligament model. Markers and a bench model, not a clinical outcome.
The American Journal of Clinical NutritionRandomised trial, 2026
A pilot study assessed gelatin supplementation against indices of skeletal muscle recovery. A pilot is sized to test feasibility and produce estimates, not to settle an effect.
European Journal of Applied PhysiologyMeta-analysis, 2024
Pooling randomised trials, garlic supplementation lowered fasting blood glucose and improved blood lipid measures compared with control.
NutrientsRandomised trial, 2014
Over twelve weeks in older adults, resveratrol was well tolerated, and the trial did not detect a difference from placebo in the metabolic measures it tracked.
Experimental gerontologySystematic review, 2020
Across the clinical studies reviewed, supplemental l-lysine was generally well tolerated in adults, with mild digestive complaints the most commonly reported effect.
The Journal of nutritionMeta-analysis, 2019
Across 13 trials, selenium increased activity of an antioxidant enzyme and overall antioxidant capacity, and lowered a marker of fat oxidation in the blood.
HormonesMeta-analysis, 2018
Across 27 studies, the hexanic extract of saw palmetto was associated with about 0.64 fewer nighttime urinations and a 2.75 mL/s higher peak urinary flow rate compared with placebo.
BJU InternationalSystematic review and meta-analysis, 2025
Across 13 trials, curcumin combined with piperine lowered two inflammation markers and one oxidation marker in the blood, and raised an antioxidant activity marker.
Current Medicinal ChemistryRandomised trial, 2021
A pilot randomised double-blind trial compared how much silicon the body absorbed from different supplement formulations, showing that absorption differs by the form silicon is delivered in.
Scientific reportsSystematic review, 2026
Standardised saw palmetto extracts were linked to better urinary symptom scores across recent trials, though the extracts studied varied widely.
Drugs in ContextMeta-analysis, 2012
In trials directly comparing the two forms, vitamin D3 raised blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D more than vitamin D2 did (P = 0.001).
American Journal of Clinical NutritionRandomised trial, 2004
In families whose diet was mostly wheat, three months of lysine-fortified wheat lowered the cortisol rise to a stressful blood draw in women and reduced trait anxiety scores in men.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesMeta-analysis, 2024
Pooling nine randomized trials in 558 adults, ashwagandha lowered perceived stress scores by about 4.7 points and serum cortisol by about 2.6 micrograms per deciliter compared with placebo.
ExploreMeta-analysis, 2021
Across five randomized trials in 400 adults, ashwagandha extract improved overall sleep with a small pooled effect (standardized mean difference -0.59), most noticeable at doses of 600 mg or more per day taken for at least eight weeks.
PLoS OneMeta-analysis, 2020
Pooling four randomized trials in 142 athletes and healthy adults, ashwagandha raised maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) by about 3.0 mL/kg/min compared with placebo.
NutrientsMeta-analysis, 2015
Across 12 trials, vitamin E lowered a blood marker of inflammation by about 0.62 mg/l compared with not taking it.
European Journal of Clinical NutritionMeta-analysis, 2024
Across trials, astaxanthin lowered blood triglycerides by about 0.46 mmol/L and raised HDL cholesterol by about 0.13 mmol/L compared with placebo.
NutrientsMeta-analysis, 1994
An early pooling of controlled trials found garlic lowered total cholesterol compared with placebo.
Journal of the Royal College of Physicians ofSystematic review and meta-analysis, 2023
Across pooled trials in adults with a cluster of raised metabolic markers, curcumin taken with piperine lowered total and LDL cholesterol, with no significant change in triglycerides.
Phytotherapy ResearchMeta-analysis, 2026
In adults with metabolic risk factors, selenium supplementation was linked to small changes in blood lipid and inflammatory markers, with results varying between trials.
Meta-analysisMeta-analysis, 2020
Pooling the placebo-controlled trials in adults with raised liver fat, resveratrol did not show a consistent change in liver enzyme or lipid measures, which is a failure to detect a difference rather than proof of none.
NutrientsMeta-analysis, 2012
In a pooled analysis of three high-quality trials, saw palmetto at 320 mg a day did not differ from placebo in men's urinary symptom scores (mean difference about 0.16 points) or peak urinary flow rate.
BJU InternationalMeta-analysis, 2022
Pooling randomised trials, beta-carotene supplementation did not lower all-cause mortality, and the pooled estimate leaned toward higher risk rather than benefit.
Frontiers in medicineSystematic review and meta-analysis, 2016
In children older than six months, zinc may shorten a bout of diarrhea by about half a day across nine trials, on low certainty evidence.
Cochrane Database of Systematic ReviewsMeta-analysis, 2023
200 micrograms of iodine a day raised iodine levels and shifted thyroid hormones in pregnancy across 11 studies.
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and BiologyMeta-analysis, 2018
Pooling trials, selenium raised the share of motile sperm by about 3.3 percentage points, with a smaller rise in normally shaped sperm and a higher sperm concentration.
Advances in NutritionSystematic review and meta-analysis, 2020
In pregnant women with mild to moderate iodine deficiency, iodine lowered a thyroid marker and curbed the usual pregnancy rise in thyroid size. Infant cognitive, language and motor scores showed no change across trials.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionRandomised trial, 2007
Men taking 50 mg beta-carotene every other day for about 18 years scored modestly higher than placebo on cognitive and memory tests, though a year of use showed no difference.
Archives of Internal MedicinePopulation figures from public health data. Context for the category, not a statement about any individual and not a claim about this product.
Each line below was derived from this formula's own record at the time of verification. Nothing here was written by the brand, and nothing can be added that the evidence does not carry.
Two pairings in this formula have been studied as combinations in human trials. Each finding below is what a named study measured, cited and dated, never written by the brand.
In a randomized crossover trial, 15 g of vitamin C-enriched gelatin taken an hour before exercise roughly doubled a blood marker of collagen synthesis compared with placebo.
In a two-year trial in older adults, zinc taken together with selenium improved the antibody response to influenza vaccination.
Research strength. Research strength says how much work stands behind the combination. It is never a product score.
Fail closed. Where actives were studied on their own rather than together, each shows on its own evidence, never a combined effect no trial measured.
Independent record. Every finding is cited to a named trial, dated, and never written by the brand.
Findings from trials that studied these actives as a combination. Context for how the actives were tested together, not a statement about any individual and not a claim about this product.
Time-to-effect windows the engine read from the trial record. Each is a window a named study measured, cited and dated, never written by the brand.
In a randomised crossover trial, 12 healthy adults consumed 101.7 mg of vitamin C as a powder, as raw fruits and vegetables, or as juice, and plasma vitamin C rose after every intake form, with plasma and urinary levels tracked over the 24 hours following the single dose.
In the trial record, blood vitamin D rises for about 3 months of daily vitamin D3 and then holds at a plateau, near 69 nmol/L at 1,000 IU a day, from a starting level near 41 nmol/L.
In a 3-phase crossover using two deuterium-labelled forms of alpha-tocopherol, healthy women absorbed about 55 percent of an oral dose taken with a 40 percent fat meal and about 64 percent with a fat-free meal, with samples tracked over 72 hours. The authors conclude absorption is not limited by absent fat or fasting, and that vitamin E leaves the intestine by a prolonged process.
In an open trial with no placebo arm, 71 patients with brittle or splitting fingernails took 2.5 mg of biotin a day. Of the 45 cases that could be evaluated, 41 were rated as having firmer and harder nails after an average of 5.5 months of treatment, standard deviation 2.3 months. The rating was clinical judgement rather than an instrument reading, and there was no control group, so the window describes when the raters recorded change, not a placebo adjusted effect.
In a 24 week randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 112 mildly iodine-deficient New Zealand adults aged 18 to 40, 150 micrograms of iodine a day as potassium iodate lowered thyroglobulin, a blood marker of iodine status, by 12 percent at 8 weeks, 20 percent at 16 weeks and 27 percent at 24 weeks compared with placebo. Median urinary iodine reached 168 micrograms per litre against 79 on placebo. TSH and free T4 stayed within normal range and did not change significantly.
Across three randomised placebo-controlled trials pooled as individual patient data (199 adults with naturally acquired colds, 80 to 92 mg of elemental zinc a day as acetate lozenges), 70 percent of the zinc group had recovered by day 5 against 27 percent on placebo, and colds ran 2.73 days shorter against a 7 day average duration. A separate meta-analysis of seven lozenge trials (575 participants, doses above 75 mg a day, zinc acetate or zinc gluconate) measured cold duration 33 percent shorter, with no significant difference between the two salts.
In a controlled feeding study in nine healthy men, six weeks of restricted zinc intake raised DNA strand breaks in peripheral blood cells, and four weeks of repletion at 11 mg a day, with 20 mg of supplemental zinc for the first seven days, reversed the rise. In a separate randomised placebo-controlled trial in 40 Ethiopian women eating a high-phytate diet, 20 mg a day of zinc sulfate for 17 days lowered mean comet tail moment from 39.7 to 30.0 while plasma zinc did not change significantly. Both windows were measured on a DNA damage marker in blood cells, not on a symptom.
In a 12 week randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 119 healthy UK adults aged 50 to 64, mean plasma selenium rose from 95.7 ng/mL at baseline to steady state by week 10, reaching 118.3, 152.0 and 177.4 ng/mL on 50, 100 and 200 micrograms a day of selenium-enriched yeast. Plasma selenoprotein P rose in every selenium arm. Platelet glutathione peroxidase activity did not change significantly at any dose or form.
In a randomised, placebo-controlled trial, 68 healthy Japanese adults aged 50 and over, without a diagnosed prostate or bladder condition, took 320 mg of saw palmetto extract daily for 12 weeks. The bother of frequent daytime urination improved significantly against placebo, and logged daytime urination frequency decreased.
In a randomised double blind placebo controlled trial, 77 healthy women took 5,000 mg a day of bioactive collagen peptides or placebo for 12 weeks with measurements at weeks 8, 12 and 16. Dermal density and hydration rose and transepidermal water loss fell against placebo at week 12, and those changes were still present after a 4 week washout rather than returning toward baseline. A second trial in 72 women separated from placebo at 8 weeks on hydration, elasticity and density, and retained the change 2 weeks after stopping. Both trials were run by or with the peptide manufacturers. A 2025 meta analysis of 23 randomised trials and 1,474 participants found these skin effects present in industry funded trials and absent in trials without industry funding, which is why the grade here is D.
In a 60 day randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 60 stressed healthy adults took 240 mg of a standardised ashwagandha extract (Shoden) once daily or placebo. The ashwagandha arm showed a larger fall in Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale scores (p = .040) and in morning cortisol (p < .001) than placebo, with the DASS-21 change near-significant (p = .096). A separate 8 week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-ranging trial enrolled 131 adults with self-reported high stress and analysed 98, measuring reduced Perceived Stress Scale scores at 125, 250 and 500 mg per day of an aqueous root and leaf extract. Two trials on two different extracts, both landing in the same eight to nine week band.
A 10-week randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial enrolled 23 healthy Japanese adults on 4 mg algal astaxanthin daily or placebo, with measurements at baseline and after nine weeks of supplementation. The astaxanthin group showed a higher minimal erythema dose, the ultraviolet dose needed to redden skin, and less loss of skin moisture in the irradiated area than placebo. This is one small trial, and all three authors were employed by FUJIFILM Corporation.
In a randomised placebo-controlled trial, 34 adults with impaired fasting glucose and dyslipidaemia (22 randomised to astaxanthin, 12 to placebo) took 12 mg astaxanthin daily for 24 weeks, with the baseline test battery repeated at 12 and 24 weeks. After 24 weeks, LDL cholesterol fell by 0.33 mmol/L and total cholesterol by 0.30 mmol/L, and fibrinogen, L-selectin and fetuin-A also fell. The changes are modest, the primary endpoint of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal did not reach significance, and blood markers were measured rather than a feeling.
In a double-blind clinical study in healthy adult men, 5 mg of piperine from black pepper extract taken daily alongside 120 mg of coenzyme Q10 produced an approximately 30 percent greater area under the plasma coenzyme Q10 curve after 21 days, while a single dose and 14 days of use showed smaller, non-significant increases.
Windows measured in the cited trials. Context for how the active behaves over time, not a statement about any individual and not a claim about this product.
12 ingredients, from each one's own page.
Weeks to months. It is a status ingredient, so the change turns up in plasma carotenoid and retinol readings rather than in anything day to day.
Blood levels rise within hours and tissue pools fill over days. Collagen-linked changes in skin and gums build over weeks and show as tissue quality, not as a sensation.
25-hydroxyvitamin D climbs over roughly six to twelve weeks of daily dosing before it plateaus. It's a blood level you watch rather than a feeling.
Plasma alpha-tocopherol climbs within days of daily intake, and anything you'd notice in skin condition is a slow change across a couple of months.
Fingernails grow around 3mm a month, so it takes roughly 8 to 12 weeks before enough new plate has grown out to judge the difference by eye.
Thyroid hormone turns over slowly, so the change lands on a urinary iodine measure and a thyroid panel before it lands anywhere in your day.
Blood zinc moves within days. The parts you would notice, skin behaviour and immune resilience, take four to twelve weeks of steady daily intake.
No felt onset. Plasma selenium and glutathione peroxidase activity rise over three to six weeks of daily intake and then plateau once the enzyme pool is filled.
Trials on joint comfort and nail firmness read their outcomes between eight and twelve weeks of daily use.
Trials read their outcomes at four to eight weeks. Most of what is going to change has changed by around twelve weeks of daily use.
Skin elasticity and hydration measures move at around eight weeks. Joint comfort in active people tends to read out over three to five months of daily use.
Give it two to four weeks. Morning cortisol shifts on a blood draw before a calmer week is something you'd describe out loud.
How each ingredient usually behaves over time, from its own page on IngredientMD. General timing for the ingredient, not a measurement of this product.
What each form is, and where it fits in a formula. Measured findings carry the study that reported them.
Chemically synthesised crystalline carotene, essentially a single all-trans isomer of high purity.
The animal-sourced form of vitamin D, made in skin under UVB light and produced commercially from lanolin. Fat-soluble, so it travels with dietary fat and is stored in body fat.
In a 12-week double-blind randomised controlled trial in 108 young women in urban Bangalore, most of whom began vitamin D-deficient, daily vitamin D3 at 400, 600 or 800 IU in a fortified wafer raised serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone fell over time, and effects on bone-turnover markers were modest and not dose specific. The 800 IU dose brought 65 percent of participants to sufficiency.
Dried, milled brown seaweed such as Ascophyllum nodosum or Laminaria, in which iodine occurs naturally bound within the plant tissue alongside other marine minerals.
The lysine amino acid with no acid counter-ion attached, sold as the base itself. Because there is no added salt mass, a stated weight corresponds more closely to pure lysine than the equivalent weight of a salt.
The single L-enantiomer (S-configuration) of the sulfur-containing essential amino acid methionine, molecular formula C5H11NO2S, supplied as the free amino acid rather than as a salt, ester or chelate. It is the proteinogenic stereoisomer of methionine and is typically made by fermentation.
Descriptions of the form itself, read from the cited studies. Not a comparison between products and not a statement about any individual.
It is a capsule, so the amount per serving is fixed and travels without measuring.
Where two of this brand's products carry actives the literature has read together, the pairing and its basis are below. The evidence word is the corpus row's own confidence, never a score.
Curcumin has <1% bioavailability alone. Piperine increases absorption 2000%.
Put an earned verification on your own product page.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. This record is not medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.