About 46% of US adults
take in less vitamin C than the estimated average requirement.
Peer-reviewed analysisRiboflavin is the lead active here, studied most for filling everyday nutrient gaps. 10 human studies on Riboflavin back this formula, each one cited. Each serving carries 20 mg of Riboflavin, inside the range the published research used. Who it fits: skews toward women, adults.
Verified by IngredientMDThe panel on the left is the one we evaluated, line by line.
All 10 actives checked against the clinical evidence: dose, form, and what the research actually shows.
Doses, ratios, and how the ingredients work together. That assessment is the verdict above: "Strong evidence, strong dose".
The verdict is public and identical whether or not a brand pays. A formula that does not clear the bar gets nothing.
Read by the engine against 2.1 million data points from clinical trials, PubMed and more than a hundred vetted sources. No individual reviewer is named or implied.
Cross-checked against 3,211 documented interactions for these actives.
Public health figures the engine matched to this formula's ingredients. Reported by their source, cited and dated, never written by the brand.
About 46% of US adults
take in less vitamin C than the estimated average requirement.
Peer-reviewed analysisAbout 42% of Americans
take in less calcium than the estimated average requirement.
NHANES74% of US adults
take dietary supplements, and 55% are regular users, in the Council for Responsible Nutrition's 2023 consumer survey of 3,192 adults.
Council for Responsible Nutrition and Ipsos, 202392% of US supplement users
agree that dietary supplements are essential to maintaining their health, in the Council for Responsible Nutrition's 2023 consumer survey.
Council for Responsible Nutrition and Ipsos, 202312.3% of US adults
met the fruit intake recommendation and 10.0% the vegetable recommendation in 2019, in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System across 49 states.
CDC, MMWR, 202215% of US adults
aged 20 and over ate no breakfast on the day of their dietary recall, in the 2017 to March 2020 What We Eat in America survey.
USDA Agricultural Research Service, 202457.6%
During 2017 to 2018, 57.6% of US adults aged 20 and over reported using a dietary supplement in the past 30 days.
CDC National Center for Health Statistics60.2% of US adults aged 20 and over
took a dietary supplement in the past 30 days, and 38.7% took two or more, in the 2021 to 2023 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
CDC National Center for Health Statistics, 202659 to 66 days
was the median time it took adults to make a new daily health habit automatic across the studies a 2024 review pooled, with individuals ranging from 4 to 335 days.
Systematic review and meta-analysis, 202461% to 74%
About 61 to 74 percent of adults refilling a long-term medicine on their own stopped within a year, versus 33 to 44 percent on one set pickup day.
Cohort study, 2015USDA advises fortified foods or supplements after 50
In its national intake tables USDA notes that "it is advised that individuals over 50 meet their B12 requirement with fortified foods or supplements".
NHANESMeta-analysis, 2005
Across 30 trials in 4,749 people, niacin raised HDL cholesterol by about 16 percent, lowered triglycerides by about 20 percent, and lowered LDL cholesterol by about 14 percent.
Journal of the American College of CardiologyRandomised trial, 2014
Pantethine, a vitamin B5 derivative, lowered LDL cholesterol by about 11 percent from baseline versus placebo over 16 weeks in adults at low to moderate cardiovascular risk.
Vascular Health and Risk ManagementSystematic review and meta-analysis, 2016
Across 14 placebo-controlled trials totaling about 9,000 people, extended-release niacin lowered blood lipoprotein(a) by about 23 percent.
MetabolismSystematic review and meta-analysis, 2014
Across 7 trials of 441 people, niacin improved a blood vessel dilation test by about 2 percentage points.
Vascular MedicineClinical trial, 1990
In people with weak, splitting nails, oral biotin increased nail thickness by about 25 percent under scanning electron microscopy and the nail surface became more regular.
Journal of the American Academy of DermatologyRandomised trial, 2015
Pantethine lowered blood triglycerides by about 17 percent from baseline over 8 weeks in adults with moderate dyslipidemia, while a related compound, coenzyme A, lowered them further.
Journal of Clinical LipidologyRandomised trial, 2014
An oral pantothenic acid supplement significantly lowered total facial blemish count versus placebo after 12 weeks, with fewer inflammatory blemishes.
Dermatology and TherapyMeta-analysis, 2020
Across eight trials in 2,110 adults with high blood sugar, niacin shifted cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL by 0.28 to 0.42, with no detected change in blood sugar or HbA1c.
MedicineMeta-analysis, 2025
In a network meta-analysis of 19 trials with 1,658 participants, biotin-containing preparations were among the supplements linked to greater hair density, though most individual trials were small.
Frontiers in nutritionSystematic review, 2017
Across 18 reported cases, all involving an existing deficiency or related condition, hair and nail growth improved after biotin, with limited evidence of benefit in people who are not deficient.
Skin Appendage DisordersRandomised trial, 2013
In adults with elevated blood pressure carrying the MTHFR 677TT genotype, riboflavin 1.6 mg per day lowered systolic blood pressure by about 5.6 mmHg versus placebo over 16 weeks.
The paperCohort study, 2026
Reports an association between dietary thiamin, riboflavin and niacin intake and elevated blood pressure and pulse pressure. An association in intake data, not a demonstration of cause.
MedicineMeta-analysis, 2005
Across 25 trials in 2,596 people, 0.8 milligrams or more of folic acid a day lowered blood homocysteine by about 23 to 25 percent, and 0.4 milligrams by about 20 percent.
Am J Clin NutrMeta-analysis, 2025
Across pooled trials, folic acid consistently lowered a blood marker called homocysteine, with less consistent change in more meaningful health outcomes.
BMC nutritionSystematic review, 2026
The review found that reported responsiveness to riboflavin across inherited disorders of metabolism is uneven and rests largely on small series, so the strength of evidence varies by the specific condition.
Journal of Inherited Metabolic DiseaseMeta-analysis, 2024
In a dose-response meta-analysis of randomised trials, riboflavin was associated with about 1.3 fewer severe recurring headache attacks per month compared with control.
Neurological SciencesOpen-label trial, 2025
A human study of a fibre rather than of biotin, where biotin surfaces only through the gut microbiome readout.
European journal of nutritionRandomised trial, 2019
Thiamin supplementation did not improve left ventricular ejection fraction in the participants studied. This is a failure to detect a difference in an imaging marker, not evidence that no difference exists.
The American Journal of Clinical NutritionRandomised trial, 2021
Chronic pantothenic acid supplementation did not produce a detectable change in muscle coenzyme A content or cycling performance, which is a failure to detect a difference rather than a demonstration that none exists.
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and MetabolismSystematic review, 2025
An umbrella review of water-soluble vitamins, biotin among them, found only small and inconsistent changes in blood sugar and insulin sensitivity measures in adults with raised glucose.
Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutritionRandomised trial, 2025
In a double-blind noninferiority crossover, the authors did not detect a difference in the primary blood marker between folic acid and placebo. A failure to detect a difference is not evidence that none exists.
The American journal of clinical nutritionSystematic review, 2023
Across 18 studies, pyridoxine on its own and in combinations improved nausea scores in pregnancy on both the Rhode and PUQE scales, a use with a long clinical track record.
Archives of Gynecology and ObstetricsSystematic review, 2025
The review reports inconsistent associations between folic acid supplementation in pregnancy and later blood sugar handling, and calls for dose-resolved data. Association, not cause.
International journal of molecular sciencesMeta-analysis, 2025
A nutrition-status analysis in children included thiamin among the micronutrients measured, reporting intake and status data rather than a result of giving supplements.
Journal of Human Nutrition and DieteticsMeta-analysis, 2026
Pooled data found that women who had been pregnant before were more likely to take folic acid, an association about behavior, not an effect of the vitamin itself.
BMJ openRandomised trial, 2023
Across several centres, infant formula supplemented with biotin raised infants' blood biotin levels into the range seen with adequate intake.
Pediatrics internationalRandomised trial, 2026
Thiamin supplementation improved the thiamin pyrophosphate effect, a blood marker of thiamin adequacy, in children whose levels were low.
Scientific reportsMeta-analysis, 2021
Pooling nine controlled trials in 673 people, vitamin B2 at 400 mg per day for three months lowered the frequency, days, duration and pain score of severe recurring headache attacks.
Nutritional NeuroscienceRandomised trial, 2023
Two weeks of 50 or 100 mg per day of riboflavin raised measured gut butyrate production and increased microbial network connectivity, without shifting overall gut bacterial composition or Faecalibacterium prausnitzii abundance.
Antioxidants and Redox SignalingPopulation figures from public health data. Context for the category, not a statement about any individual and not a claim about this product.
Each line below was derived from this formula's own record at the time of verification. Nothing here was written by the brand, and nothing can be added that the evidence does not carry.
One pairing in this formula has been studied as a combination in human trials. Each finding below is what a named study measured, cited and dated, never written by the brand.
In a 2025 network meta-analysis of 16 randomized trials in healthy adults, folic acid taken together with vitamins B6 and B12 lowered blood homocysteine more than any single supplement, with the 1 mg folic acid plus 7.2 mg B6 plus 20 micrograms B12 arm ranked most effective versus placebo (mean difference -1.03 micromol/L, 95% CI -1.71 to -0.36).
Research strength. Research strength says how much work stands behind the combination. It is never a product score.
Fail closed. Where actives were studied on their own rather than together, each shows on its own evidence, never a combined effect no trial measured.
Independent record. Every finding is cited to a named trial, dated, and never written by the brand.
Findings from trials that studied these actives as a combination. Context for how the actives were tested together, not a statement about any individual and not a claim about this product.
Time-to-effect windows the engine read from the trial record. Each is a window a named study measured, cited and dated, never written by the brand.
In a randomised crossover trial, 12 healthy adults consumed 101.7 mg of vitamin C as a powder, as raw fruits and vegetables, or as juice, and plasma vitamin C rose after every intake form, with plasma and urinary levels tracked over the 24 hours following the single dose.
In the controlled depletion study the EFSA reference opinion reviews, restricting thiamin intake to 0.009 to 0.015 mg/MJ for 30 days brought urinary free thiamin excretion from a mean of 0.283 mg/24 h down to undetectable levels by day 18 of the depletion period.
In the same depletion and repletion record the EFSA reference opinion reviews, erythrocyte transketolase activity fell progressively to about 75% of baseline during the 30-day depletion period and returned to its baseline value after 1 week of thiamin repletion.
In an intervention the EFSA reference opinion reviews, adults whose baseline riboflavin intake and status were unknown received 5 mg/day of riboflavin for 8 weeks, and haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit and erythrocyte count all rose significantly over that period.
An expert consensus on vitamin B6 use, developed by a six-member Delphi panel with a structured evidence-quality assessment, calculated from pharmacokinetic parameters that complete clearance of vitamin B6 from the body takes a washout period of about 20 to 40 days after intake stops.
A systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis drew on 108 articles from 14,002 screened records and modelled blood folate against folic acid intake using one-compartment pharmacokinetic models. Red blood cell folate rose 1.78 fold from baseline to steady state at 375 to 570 ug folic acid per day, and reaching that steady state took a median of 36 weeks, 95% credible interval 27 to 52 weeks. Serum or plasma folate rose 11.6% for every 100 ug per day of folic acid intake, 95% credible interval 8.4 to 14.9.
A kinetic study in six healthy men aged 22 to 31 gave 3.6 umol per day, 1.6 mg, of deuterium-labelled folic acid for four weeks, with folate tracked in serum, erythrocytes and urine by microbiological assay and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Serum folate reached its maximum concentration in about 18 days, while isotopic labelling of erythrocyte folate kept rising across the whole four weeks. After supplementation stopped, red blood cell folate and urinary folate excretion declined linearly, and serum folate fell with a slow-phase half-life of 18.7 days. One study, six men, no control group.
A randomised, double-blind, parallel-group dose-finding trial in 120 older people with mild vitamin B12 deficiency, defined as serum B12 of 100 to 300 pmol/L with methylmalonic acid at or above 0.26 umol/L, gave daily oral cyanocobalamin at 2.5, 100, 250, 500 or 1000 ug for 16 weeks. Mean plasma methylmalonic acid fell 16%, 16%, 23%, 33% and 33% across those doses. Daily doses of 647 to 1032 ug accounted for 80% to 90% of the estimated maximum reduction. The window was measured on a blood marker of B12 status, not on a symptom.
An open-label randomised single-dose pharmacokinetic study in 20 healthy men aged 20 to 45, conducted and authored by staff of Emisphere Technologies, the developer of the SNAC carrier under test, measured serum vitamin B12 after one 5 mg cyanocobalamin tablet, with six men on the marketed tablet. Time to peak serum B12 was 6.83 hours for the marketed tablet and 0.5 hours for the carrier coformulation. Absolute bioavailability was 2.16% and 5.09% respectively. One trial, six men per arm. Serum concentration was measured, not any symptom.
In an open trial with no placebo arm, 71 patients with brittle or splitting fingernails took 2.5 mg of biotin a day. Of the 45 cases that could be evaluated, 41 were rated as having firmer and harder nails after an average of 5.5 months of treatment, standard deviation 2.3 months. The rating was clinical judgement rather than an instrument reading, and there was no control group, so the window describes when the raters recorded change, not a placebo adjusted effect.
A randomised cross-over trial in ten women of mean age 69 gave a single 500 mg dose of calcium as citrate fasting, citrate with a meal, fortified juice or a dairy product meal, with blood drawn before and at 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours. Serum ionised and total calcium increased significantly from baseline over six hours, with the rise similar after fortified juice, delayed when citrate was taken with a meal and smaller after the dairy meal. A separate double-blind cross-over trial in 25 postmenopausal women measured parathyroid hormone and a bone resorption marker 12 hours after a single calcium dose. Ten participants is a small sample, and what moved was blood chemistry, not a sensation.
Windows measured in the cited trials. Context for how the active behaves over time, not a statement about any individual and not a claim about this product.
10 ingredients, from each one's own page.
Blood levels rise within hours and tissue pools fill over days. Collagen-linked changes in skin and gums build over weeks and show as tissue quality, not as a sensation.
There is no onset to time in the usual sense. Status markers such as erythrocyte transketolase activity move across weeks, and that is where the change is read.
Urine turns bright yellow within hours of the first dose. Status itself, read as red cell glutathione reductase activity, shifts across two to eight weeks.
Nothing to wait for at everyday amounts. Niacin status shows up on blood work rather than as a sensation. The flush from the nicotinic acid form arrives within 30 minutes.
Nothing quick. Conversion to the active coenzyme happens within hours, but plasma pyridoxal 5-phosphate takes a couple of weeks to settle at a new level.
Serum folate climbs within a few hours of a dose and red cell folate takes about eight to twelve weeks to plateau. The change lands on a blood panel, not in how you feel.
Markers move first. Methylmalonic acid and homocysteine start shifting within a week or two, while anything you would notice takes several weeks of daily use.
Fingernails grow around 3mm a month, so it takes roughly 8 to 12 weeks before enough new plate has grown out to judge the difference by eye.
There's no onset you would time. It feeds coenzyme A within days, and the effect sits in metabolism and blood levels rather than in a sensation.
No acute sensation. Parathyroid hormone responds within hours, while bone density shifts over a year or more of steady intake, so this reads on a panel and a scan.
How each ingredient usually behaves over time, from its own page on IngredientMD. General timing for the ingredient, not a measurement of this product.
What each form is, and where it fits in a formula. Measured findings carry the study that reported them.
The free vitamin B2 molecule, an isoalloxazine ring joined to a ribitol sugar chain, supplied as the unmodified crystalline compound with no added salt or phosphate group.
The free-acid form of vitamin B3, pyridine-3-carboxylic acid. It is the reference form of niacin, a small water-soluble molecule carrying a bare carboxylic acid group on the pyridine ring.
The free acid form of vitamin B5, an amide of pantoic acid and beta-alanine, supplied as a viscous hygroscopic oil or a stabilised liquid rather than a dry salt.
Descriptions of the form itself, read from the cited studies. Not a comparison between products and not a statement about any individual.
It is a tablet, so the amount per serving is fixed and it stores well.
Put an earned verification on your own product page.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. This record is not medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.