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Ingredients/Compound/Ocimum Sanctum

Ocimum Sanctum.

Read pending.Ocimum Sanctum is in the library; the clinical read is in the queue.

Research-backed compound with potential health benefits. Sacred plant in Hinduism. One of the most researched adaptogens.

300 to 600mgDaily amount2,786Studies read

Reviewed March 2026

OSCompound
Ocimum SanctumIngredientMD
Category
Compound

What Ocimum Sanctum is, and what it does.

Does it work
Excellent daily adaptogen. Good safety record. Pleasant taste as tea.
How much to take
Start with 300 to 600mg of leaf extract a day, the daily maintenance band. Trials have used 1,200mg, which is a research condition rather than a daily target.
Time to feel it
About eight weeks of daily use.
The first dose
Day one is usually uneventful, though some people notice a mild settling in the evening. The measured changes in trials come from weeks of daily use, not one dose.
With regular use
Across six to eight weeks trials report shifts in self-rated stress and sleep scores. Those are questionnaire measures of how people feel, not clinical outcomes.
How well tolerated
Generally well tolerated. Centuries of use in Ayurveda.
How it feels
Warm and clove-like as a tea, thanks to eugenol. The effect is a gentle taking of the edge off rather than sedation, and it stays in the background.
The overlooked benefit
Water, alcohol and pressurised carbon dioxide pull genuinely different mixes from the same leaf, so two capsules at identical milligrams can deliver different constituents.

300 to 600mg a day is where Ocimum Sanctum works.

How much to take a dayMedium confidence
300 to 600mg
Daily maintenanceThe everyday amount, and where most daily supplements sit. This is the one you take month after month.
1,200mgClinical territory. Trials run high on purpose, for a set number of weeks, against one measured outcome. Impressive to hit, and not what a daily product is for.
Above 2,000mgPast what the research covers. More capsules rather than more effect.
MORE EFFECT ↑0600mg1,200mg plateauDAILY DOSE →
The shaded band is where the dosing trials landed.

Source: Cohen, J Ayurveda Integr Med, 2014; Jamshidi & Cohen, Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2017

How long it takesPromising
WHAT THE TRIALS MEASUREDthe level the trials measuredDay 0about eight weeks of daily useTIME ON IT →
Builds over about eight weeks of daily use

In a two arm, parallel-group, 8 week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 100 volunteers aged 18 to 65 experiencing stress took 125 mg of a standardised Ocimum sanctum extract (Holixer) twice daily or placebo. The holy basil arm showed greater improvement in Perceived Stress Scale scores (p = 0.003) and Athens Insomnia Scale scores (p = 0.025), and lower hair cortisol concentrations at week 8 (p = 0.025). After eight weeks of supplementation, responses to the Maastricht Acute Stress Test showed lower salivary cortisol and amylase, lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure and lower subjective stress ratings. One trial, and the authors note gold-standard objective sleep measures are still needed for the sleep findings.

The proof, claim by claim.

These words describe the research, not the molecule's worth. Research strength is how much work stands behind one claim, and it is never a product score.

Read pending.

Ocimum Sanctum is documented in the library; the clinical read is in the queue. Nothing about the strength of the research prints until the read is done.

  • Self-rated stress and mood scoresRandomised trial
  • Blood glucose markers already in the normal rangeRandomised trial
  • Cognitive and reaction time measuresRandomised trial
  • Antioxidant marker changesRandomised trial
  • Radical scavenging by eugenol and rosmarinic acidIn vitro study
  • Platelet aggregation activity of eugenolIn vitro study
PubMedCochraneClinicalTrials.govNIH ODSSUPP.AI2,786 studies readLabs test. IngredientMD verifies.PubMedCochraneClinicalTrials.govNIH ODSSUPP.AI2,786 studies readLabs test. IngredientMD verifies.
Pairs well with25 on file

Why these belong in the same formula. Each row says what the basis is, from settled biochemistry through to a trial that measured the pair.

Ocimum Sanctum + Ashwagandha (KSM-66)Long-standing adaptogen co-formulation

Both are adaptogens studied for helping the body hold a steadier stress response and cortisol output when demands run high. They have long been formulated together in stress-support blends for that combined support.

Ocimum Sanctum + Rhodiola RoseaComplementary adaptogen roles

Rhodiola is used to help ease mental and physical fatigue and sustain output under load, while holy basil is used more to steady the cortisol side of the stress response. Because they lean on different parts of stress adaptation, the two are routinely blended for everyday resilience.

Ocimum Sanctum + Schisandraphase II enzyme induction

Schisandra lignans raise phase II detoxification enzyme expression, and tulsi does the same through Nrf2-linked signalling. Combined, they push the same antioxidant response element pathway.

Ocimum Sanctum + Phosphatidylserinecortisol response modulation

Phosphatidylserine dampens the ACTH-driven cortisol rise after exertion, the same output tulsi is used for. The pairing addresses one endpoint by two routes.

Ocimum Sanctum + Magnesium Glycinatestress physiology cofactor

Magnesium is a required cofactor across the enzymes of catecholamine handling and it modulates NMDA tone, and glycine is itself an inhibitory transmitter. It gives tulsi's calming action a mineral substrate to work against.

Ocimum Sanctum + L-Theaninecomplementary calming mechanisms

Theanine acts on glutamate and GABA tone within an hour, while tulsi's effect on the stress axis builds over weeks. Acute and adaptive timelines pair well in one formula.

Ocimum Sanctum + Gymnema Sylvestreglucose handling pathways

Tulsi eugenol and ursolic acid slow carbohydrate-digesting enzymes while gymnemic acids act on intestinal sugar uptake and sweet taste signalling. Traditional glucose-support formulas combine the two steps.

Ocimum Sanctum + Fish Oiladditive effect on normal platelet aggregation

Eugenol from Ocimum sanctum inhibits platelet aggregation in vitro and in animal work, and long-chain omega-3s shift thromboxane production in the same direction. Stacking both nudges normal clotting further than either alone, which formulators should note on the label.

Ocimum Sanctum + Ginkgo Bilobaadditive effect on normal platelet function

Ginkgolides antagonise platelet activating factor and tulsi eugenol reduces aggregation, so the two act additively on the same normal process. Worth flagging when both sit in one formula.

Ocimum Sanctum + cinnamonestablished pharmacology plus small human work on each herb separately

Both plants are used in formulas aimed at supporting glucose already in the normal range, and both have small human studies of their own rather than a shared trial. The effects point the same direction, so anyone already tracking their glucose closely should watch the combination. No combination trial of the two is available.

Ocimum Sanctum + berberineestablished pharmacology, direction of effect is shared

Berberine has a well-described effect on glucose handling and holy basil is formulated toward the same end. Stacking two agents that push the same lever can produce more movement than either alone. This is a mechanistic expectation, not a measured combination result.

Ocimum Sanctum + chromiumestablished pharmacology

Chromium participates in normal insulin signalling as a trace element, a different entry point from the polyphenols in holy basil. Formulators pair them for that reason. The pairing rests on separate mechanisms rather than a shared study.

Ocimum Sanctum + alpha-lipoic-acidestablished redox chemistry

Holy basil contributes phenolics such as rosmarinic acid and eugenol that act as direct radical scavengers, while alpha-lipoic acid works in both water and lipid compartments and regenerates other antioxidants. The two occupy different parts of the redox network. This is a marker-level rationale, not a clinical outcome.

Ocimum Sanctum + vitamin-cestablished redox chemistry

Ascorbate regenerates oxidised phenoxyl radicals formed when plant polyphenols quench a radical, which keeps the polyphenol pool available for longer. Holy basil is a polyphenol-rich extract, so the chemistry applies directly. The endpoint here is an antioxidant marker, not a health outcome.

Ocimum Sanctum + quercetinestablished polyphenol chemistry

Quercetin and the flavonoids in holy basil share radical-scavenging chemistry and overlapping phase II conjugation routes. Co-dosing can mean the two compete for the same glucuronidation capacity, which changes exposure in either direction. No human combination data exists.

Ocimum Sanctum + turmeric-curcuminestablished pharmacology, traditional co-formulation

Curcuminoids and the phenolics of holy basil both act on redox and inflammatory signalling nodes, and the two appear together in traditional Ayurvedic preparations. Their poor aqueous solubility is also shared, so both benefit from the same lipid-containing meal. Regard the pairing as mechanistic and traditional rather than trial-backed.

Ocimum Sanctum + black-pepper-extract-bioperineestablished absorption pharmacology

Piperine inhibits intestinal and hepatic glucuronidation and CYP-mediated first-pass metabolism, which raises systemic exposure to several plant phenolics. The lipophilic constituents of holy basil are plausible substrates for that same clearance. Higher exposure is the mechanism, and it cuts both ways for anything else being taken.

Ocimum Sanctum + garlicestablished pharmacology

Eugenol, a major constituent of holy basil, has a documented effect on platelet aggregation in laboratory work, and garlic constituents act on the same process. Combining them adds two mild pushes on the same system. Anyone on blood-thinning medication should raise this with a clinician before stacking.

Ocimum Sanctum + nattokinaseestablished pharmacology

Nattokinase acts on fibrin and holy basil constituents have platelet-level activity in laboratory work, so the two touch different steps of the same clotting cascade. That makes the combination worth flagging rather than recommending. This is a mechanistic caution, not a measured interaction.

Ocimum Sanctum + bacopa-monnieritraditional co-formulation plus separate human work on each

Bacopa and holy basil appear together in Ayurvedic formulations aimed at everyday mental workload, and each has its own small human literature. The bacosides and the ocimum phenolics act through different chemistry, so the pairing is complementary rather than duplicative. No trial has tested them together.

Ocimum Sanctum + eleutheroestablished formulation practice

Both plants sit in the adaptogen category and are combined in stress-support formulas that aim at normal cortisol rhythm. The grounding is category-level and traditional rather than a combination study. Read it as formulation convention.

Ocimum Sanctum + ginseng-panaxestablished formulation practice

Panax ginseng and holy basil are routinely combined in daytime stress-support blends, each contributing a different class of constituent, ginsenosides against phenolics and terpenoids. The rationale is category overlap, not a shared trial. Stimulation profiles differ, so the subjective effect of the blend is not the sum of the labels.

Ocimum Sanctum + chamomiletraditional pairing

Holy basil is used in evening calming teas alongside chamomile, and apigenin from chamomile has recognised affinity for benzodiazepine binding sites. Combined, the calming effect can be more noticeable than either alone. That is a reason to time the pairing for the evening rather than before driving.

Ocimum Sanctum + milk-thistle-silymarinestablished hepatic metabolism

Silymarin flavonolignans and ocimum phenolics are both handled by phase II conjugation in the liver and gut wall. Taken together they can compete for the same conjugation capacity, which shifts exposure of one or both. The direction of that shift has not been measured for this pair.

Ocimum Sanctum + gingertraditional pairing

Ginger and holy basil are combined in traditional infusions, with gingerols adding a warming, digestive-comfort character to the phenolic profile of tulsi. The pairing is culinary and traditional in origin. It carries no combination evidence.

Who should be cautious

Nothing specific on file for Ocimum Sanctum. Match the label to the daily amount above, and tell your doctor what you take.

Not medical advice. Show the label to your pharmacist.

What Ocimum Sanctum actually does.

Established

The leaf's chemistry runs on eugenol, rosmarinic acid, ursolic acid and ocimumosides. Those are the markers a standardised extract gets measured against.

Established

Those phenolics mop up free radicals by handing over a hydrogen atom. Be clear about what that is though: it shows up as a shift in antioxidant markers, a lab reading rather than something you'd feel.

Established

Eugenol and ursolic acid don't much like water. Brew a plain infusion and you leave them behind, which is why concentrated extracts use alcohol and water together, or supercritical extraction.

Established

Your gut wall and liver tag plant phenolics like these for removal fast, so the intact molecules don't hang around in your blood for long or in any great amount after a dose.

Grown, 5 steps on record

Where Ocimum Sanctum comes from.

It is a leaf. What ends up in the capsule depends on whether the maker used water, alcohol or pressurised carbon dioxide to pull the actives out, and those three give genuinely different mixes from the same plant.

Made from a plant. What ends up in the capsule tracks the harvest, so batch testing and a stated marker matter more here than with a made molecule.

Starts as
Cultivated Ocimum tenuiflorum leaf

Grown as an annual herb, harvested at or just before flowering when phenolic content is highest, mainly in India and Southeast Asia. Rama, Krishna and Vana are the three chemotypes most often named, and they differ in eugenol content.

Converted by
Drying and milling

Leaf is shade or hot-air dried to reduce moisture, then milled. Drying temperature matters because the volatile fraction, eugenol included, is lost with heat.

Extracted by
Solvent, water or CO2 extraction

Three routes are in commercial use: hot water infusion for tea-style material, ethanol and water for phenolic-rich powdered extracts, and supercritical CO2 for the lipophilic volatile fraction. Each pulls a different part of the plant and yields a different profile.

Standardised to
Marker assay

Extracts are assayed for ursolic acid or total phenolics by HPLC and blended with carrier to hit a stated percentage. The marker is a handle for consistency, not the whole activity.

Ends up as
Powder, capsule, softgel or tincture

Dried extract is granulated and encapsulated, or the CO2 fraction is dispersed in an oil for softgels. Tinctures keep the ethanolic extract in solution.

Getting Ocimum Sanctum from food.

The whole-food sources on file. A supplement closes the gap, it does not replace dinner.

Fresh holy basil leavesDried tulsi leaf tea

A gram-for-gram figure (how much of each you would eat to match a dose) will appear here once it is sourced and reviewed. This page will not print a number it cannot cite.

The forms it comes in.

Holy basil leaf powderDried and milled Ocimum tenuiflorum leaf, delivering the full phenolic and volatile oil profile at native concentration.Fits Traditional-style dosing and tea preparations where the whole plant matrix is wanted.Trade-off Constituent content varies with harvest, drying and storage, so a given gram of powder is not a fixed dose of any marker compound.
Standardised holy basil extractWater and ethanol extraction concentrating phenolics and triterpenes, typically standardised to a stated percentage of ursolic acid or total phenolics.Fits Capsules and tablets where a stated marker content per serving is required.Trade-off Standardising to one marker says nothing about the rest of the profile, and the volatile oil fraction is largely lost during solvent removal.
CO2 extract of holy basilCarbon dioxide above its critical point pulls the lipophilic fraction, giving a concentrate rich in eugenol and other volatiles with no residual solvent.Fits Softgels and oil-based formats aimed at the aromatic fraction.Trade-off The water-soluble phenolics such as rosmarinic acid are largely left behind, so the profile differs from a hydroalcoholic extract of the same leaf.
Tulsi essential oilSteam distillation of the fresh herb yielding a eugenol-dominant volatile oil.Fits Topical and aromatic use, and as a flavour or aroma component.Trade-off Highly concentrated and not interchangeable with a leaf or extract dose; oral use of essential oils is a different exposure question entirely.Active and formulation aid
What the strongest studies found

The essence, in one line each.

  1. In 100 adults under stress, 125 mg of a standardised Ocimum sanctum extract twice daily for 8 weeks lowered perceived stress scores (p = 0.003) and sleep-difficulty scores (p = 0.025) and left hair cortisol lower at week 8 (p = 0.025) compared with placebo.Randomised trial. Lopresti et al., 2022 (Frontiers in Nutrition). PMID 36185698
  2. Thirty days of 300 mg a day of ethanolic holy basil leaf extract shortened reaction times and lowered error rates on memory and attention tasks compared with placebo in healthy adults, with no change detected in heart rate or skin conductance.Randomised trial. Sampath et al., 2015 (Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology). PMID 26571987
  3. In 22 healthy volunteers, 300 mg a day of ethanolic tulsi leaf extract for 4 weeks raised the immune markers interferon-gamma (p = 0.039) and interleukin-4 (p = 0.001) and the percentages of T-helper (p = 0.001) and natural killer cells (p = 0.017) compared with placebo; these are laboratory markers, not measured outcomes.Randomised trial. Mondal et al., 2011 (Journal of Ethnopharmacology). PMID 21619917
  4. In Nile tilapia exposed to waterborne cadmium, dietary Ocimum sanctum was reported to lessen the measured oxidative and haematological disturbance.Animal study. Saad MA et al., 2025 (Veterinary research communications). PMID 40974453
  5. Tulsi extract in feed was associated with higher growth, haematological and antioxidant marker readings in the treated fish groups.Animal study. Habib SS et al., 2025 (Journal of aquatic animal health). PMID 40366353
  6. Phytoadditive mixtures that include Ocimum sanctum among several herbs were reported to change nutrient utilisation and milk fatty acid profile; the contribution of any single herb cannot be separated.Animal study. Singh AK et al., 2026 (Tropical animal health and production). PMID 41677961
  7. Supplementation with multi-herb phytoadditive mixtures naming Ocimum sanctum was associated with shifts in blood indices and hormonal profile; this is a mixture result, not an isolated-ingredient result.Animal study. Singh AK et al., 2025 (Scientific reports). PMID 39910342

These are the studies our verdict leans on, chosen from the 737 we read for Ocimum Sanctum. The full linked list is below.

Primary evidence

The studies, linked.

4 sources behind our Ocimum Sanctum verdict: peer-reviewed studies and registered clinical trials. Every one links straight to PubMed, the journal, or ClinicalTrials.gov. Read them yourself.

  1. ClinicalTrials.gov
  2. ClinicalTrials.gov
  3. ClinicalTrials.gov
  4. ClinicalTrials.gov

Evidence surfaced via Semantic Scholar (Allen Institute for AI) and ClinicalTrials.gov. Ranked by study type and citation weight, not cherry-picked.

Every figure on this page, at source

Labs test. IngredientMD verifies.

Lopresti et al., 2022 (Front Nutr)Randomised controlled trial. Time to effect, about eight weeks of daily use.PMID 36185698
Sources checked 21 July 2026. A strength word says how much research stands behind a claim. It is never a product score.Educational information about an ingredient, not medical advice and not a claim about any specific product. Statements about ingredients have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Bring the label to your pharmacist.

FDA Disclaimer: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is for educational purposes only and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.

On the shelf

What Ocimum Sanctum comes in.

Products in our catalog that carry it, read the same way every product here is read.