AG1 Athletic Greens.

The gap this formula speaks to.

Public health figures the engine matched to this formula's ingredients. Reported by their source, cited and dated, never written by the brand.

Population figures from public health data. Context for the category, not a statement about any individual and not a claim about this product.

Every one of these is a fact the engine could ground.

Each line below was derived from this formula's own record at the time of verification. Nothing here was written by the brand, and nothing can be added that the evidence does not carry.

• Studied in people22 human studies on Zinc back this formula, each one cited.
• A mechanism that is settledHow Vitamin A and Vitamin C work is settled pharmacology.
• Studied together, not just separatelyVitamin A and Vitamin E have been studied together, not only separately.
• Recent work on the recordThe most recent study on this record was published in 2026.
• Serving amount inside the studied rangeEach serving carries 400 mg of Vitamin C, inside the range the published research used.
• A stated daily maintenance amountVitamin C is here at a daily maintenance amount, which is what a daily supplement is for.
• Why this formatIt is a powder, so the serving scales to the amount you want and mixes into something you already drink.
• The exact form, describedThe label names its forms exactly: Retinyl palmitate, Ascorbic acid, Vitamin D3 in a carrier oil, lanolin-derived. The record says what each one is and what it suits.
• An absorption partner in the same servingLipase is in the same serving as Vitamin D3, where it has a measured absorption role.
• A declared blend totalNutritive, Nutrient Dense Raw Superfood Complex declares its total, 7,732 mg per serving, with 35 ingredients listed by weight.
• Where it comes from and how it is madeVitamin A is made by more than one route.
• Positions this formula already qualifies forThis formula already qualifies for positions beyond the one it is sold into, on the evidence it carries.
• A position nobody is holding yetSome of those positions are ones almost nobody is selling to yet.
• Interaction screen on the recordEvery active on this label was screened against the interaction record, and the screen is published with it.

The combinations the trials actually measured.

Five pairings in this formula have been studied as combinations in human trials. Each finding below is what a named study measured, cited and dated, never written by the brand.

• Lutein + ZeaxanthinVision

  In the AREDS2 trial long-term follow-up, lutein and zeaxanthin taken together were associated with a modestly lower risk of progression to late age-related macular degeneration, while the trial original primary analysis was not significant.

  Chew et al., 2022 (JAMA Ophthalmology, AREDS2)PMID 35653117

  Promising
• Zinc + SeleniumImmune

  In a two-year trial in older adults, zinc taken together with selenium improved the antibody response to influenza vaccination.

  Girodon et al., 1999 (Arch Intern Med)PMID 10218756

  Early
• Calcium + MagnesiumStrength

  In a 12-month randomised, double-blind trial, 98 adults aged 50 and over drank a litre a day of either a naturally calcium- and magnesium-rich mineral water or a low-mineral water. The mineral-rich group had fewer falls at the 6-month assessment and higher appendicular muscle mass, with the minerals delivered as drinking water rather than a capsule.

  Moretti et al., 2026 (Nutrients)PMID 41683292

  Promising
• Folate + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B6Heart

  In a 2025 network meta-analysis of 16 randomized trials in healthy adults, folic acid taken together with vitamins B6 and B12 lowered blood homocysteine more than any single supplement, with the 1 mg folic acid plus 7.2 mg B6 plus 20 micrograms B12 arm ranked most effective versus placebo (mean difference -1.03 micromol/L, 95% CI -1.71 to -0.36).

  Liu et al., 2025 (Nutrition Reviews)PMID 39960689

  Promising
• Magnesium + Vitamin B6Calm

  In an 8-week randomized trial of 264 stressed healthy adults with low magnesium, magnesium plus vitamin B6 and magnesium alone reduced perceived stress about equally overall. In the prespecified subgroup that started with severe stress, the combination improved stress scores 24% more than magnesium alone.

  Pouteau et al., 2018 (PLoS One)PMID 30562392

  Early

Findings from trials that studied these actives as a combination. Context for how the actives were tested together, not a statement about any individual and not a claim about this product.

The size of the effect, in plain numbers.

Where a trial measured an actual number, we show it next to the claim. It is the average across the trials, never a promise about one person.

What the trials show about timing.

Time-to-effect windows the engine read from the trial record. Each is a window a named study measured, cited and dated, never written by the brand.

• Vitamin Cwithin 24 hours of a single doseMeasured within a day

  In a randomised crossover trial, 12 healthy adults consumed 101.7 mg of vitamin C as a powder, as raw fruits and vegetables, or as juice, and plasma vitamin C rose after every intake form, with plasma and urinary levels tracked over the 24 hours following the single dose.

  Choi et al., 2025 (Nutrients)PMID 41228404

  Strong
• Vitamin D3about 3 months of daily useBuilds with daily use

  In the trial record, blood vitamin D rises for about 3 months of daily vitamin D3 and then holds at a plateau, near 69 nmol/L at 1,000 IU a day, from a starting level near 41 nmol/L.

  Vieth et al., 2001 (Am J Clin Nutr)PMID 11157326

  Early
• Vitamin Eabsorbed slowly, tracked over 72 hoursMeasured within a day

  In a 3-phase crossover using two deuterium-labelled forms of alpha-tocopherol, healthy women absorbed about 55 percent of an oral dose taken with a 40 percent fat meal and about 64 percent with a fat-free meal, with samples tracked over 72 hours. The authors conclude absorption is not limited by absent fat or fasting, and that vitamin E leaves the intestine by a prolonged process.

  Traber et al., 2019 (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition)PMID 31495886

  Promising
• Vitamin Kabout four weeks of daily useBuilds with daily use

  A double-blind randomised dose-finding trial gave 60 postmenopausal women aged 50 to 69 either 0, 50, 100 or 200 micrograms of menaquinone-7 daily for four weeks on a controlled diet. The ratio of carboxylated to undercarboxylated osteocalcin rose dose dependently, with significant differences from the 0 microgram group at 100 and 200 micrograms. A companion 12-week trial in 120 people aged 20 to 69 confirmed the change at 100 micrograms daily. Both studies were run by authors affiliated with the R and D division of J-Oil Mills. An independent 8-week double-blind trial in 55 healthy prepubertal children found the same direction at 45 micrograms daily. What was measured is a blood marker of vitamin K status, not bone density and not a sensation.

  Inaba et al., 2015 (J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo))PMID 26875489

  van Summeren et al., 2009 (Br J Nutr)PMID 19450370

  Promising
• Vitamin Kthree years of daily use, with measurements at one, two and three yearsBuilds with daily use

  A double-blind randomised trial gave 244 healthy postmenopausal women either placebo or 180 micrograms of menaquinone-7 daily for three years, with bone mineral density measured by DXA at baseline and after each year. Menaquinone-7 decreased the age-related decline in bone mineral content and bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, but not at the total hip. The effect is a slowed decline rather than a gain, and the trial ran three years rather than weeks.

  Knapen et al., 2013 (Osteoporos Int)PMID 23525894

  Promising
• Thiaminabout 18 to 30 days of restricted intakeBuilds with daily use

  In the controlled depletion study the EFSA reference opinion reviews, restricting thiamin intake to 0.009 to 0.015 mg/MJ for 30 days brought urinary free thiamin excretion from a mean of 0.283 mg/24 h down to undetectable levels by day 18 of the depletion period.

  EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA), 2016 (EFSA Journal)PMID 42006014

  Promising

Windows measured in the cited trials. Context for how the active behaves over time, not a statement about any individual and not a claim about this product.

How each ingredient usually behaves over time.

12 ingredients, from each one's own page.

• Vitamin AWeeks, not days

  Weeks to months. Liver stores buffer intake, so vitamin A status moves slowly and shows up on a blood panel rather than as a sensation.

  Its own page, the plain answer on timing ↗

• Vitamin CWithin hours

  Blood levels rise within hours and tissue pools fill over days. Collagen-linked changes in skin and gums build over weeks and show as tissue quality, not as a sensation.

  Its own page, the plain answer on timing ↗

• Vitamin D3About six to twelve weeks

  25-hydroxyvitamin D climbs over roughly six to twelve weeks of daily dosing before it plateaus. It's a blood level you watch rather than a feeling.

  Its own page, the plain answer on timing ↗

• Vitamin EWeeks, not days

  Plasma alpha-tocopherol climbs within days of daily intake, and anything you'd notice in skin condition is a slow change across a couple of months.

  Its own page, the plain answer on timing ↗

• Vitamin KWithin days

  Clotting factor carboxylation responds within days. The bone marker undercarboxylated osteocalcin shifts across roughly four to twelve weeks, so this shows up on a panel.

  Its own page, the plain answer on timing ↗

• Thiamin

  There is no onset to time in the usual sense. Status markers such as erythrocyte transketolase activity move across weeks, and that is where the change is read.

  Its own page, the plain answer on timing ↗

How each ingredient usually behaves over time, from its own page on IngredientMD. General timing for the ingredient, not a measurement of this product.

The same ingredient, carried differently.

What each form is, and where it fits in a formula. Measured findings carry the study that reported them.

• Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)

  The animal-sourced form of vitamin D, made in skin under UVB light and produced commercially from lanolin. Fat-soluble, so it travels with dietary fat and is stored in body fat.

  Fits

  Raising and holding vitamin D status, and the form most supplement trials use.

  Trade-off

  Being fat-soluble it accumulates with sustained high dosing, so intakes are set against the tolerable upper level rather than topped up freely.

  In a 12-week double-blind randomised controlled trial in 108 young women in urban Bangalore, most of whom began vitamin D-deficient, daily vitamin D3 at 400, 600 or 800 IU in a fortified wafer raised serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone fell over time, and effects on bone-turnover markers were modest and not dose specific. The 800 IU dose brought 65 percent of participants to sufficiency.

  Peris et al., 2026 (Nutrients)PMID 42124077
• Riboflavin

  The free vitamin B2 molecule, an isoalloxazine ring joined to a ribitol sugar chain, supplied as the unmodified crystalline compound with no added salt or phosphate group.

  Fits

  It is the form most panels list simply as riboflavin or vitamin B2.

  Trade-off

  It is intensely yellow and only sparingly water soluble, so it can tint a finished product and tends to resist dissolving cleanly in a liquid or a fast-melt format.

• Nicotinic acid

  The free-acid form of vitamin B3, pyridine-3-carboxylic acid. It is the reference form of niacin, a small water-soluble molecule carrying a bare carboxylic acid group on the pyridine ring.

  Fits

  The long-standing reference form for meeting a vitamin B3 requirement.

  Trade-off

  This is the form behind the familiar warm, tingling skin flush that many people notice soon after a larger dose, a recognized property of the free acid that leads some formulators to reach for an amide or ester instead.

• D-pantothenic acid

  The free acid form of vitamin B5, an amide of pantoic acid and beta-alanine, supplied as a viscous hygroscopic oil or a stabilised liquid rather than a dry salt.

  Fits

  The un-neutralised acid carries no mineral counterion, so it suits liquid drops, syrups and formats where a calcium or sodium salt is not wanted.

  Trade-off

  It is hygroscopic and tends to draw water and turn sticky, which makes it awkward to hold as a dry powder without added stabilisers.

• Licorice rootActive and formulation aid

  Unfractionated root material carrying the full constituent profile including undeclared glycyrrhizin

  Fits

  Traditional teas, decoctions and classical multi-herb formulas where the root also serves as sweetener and flavour modifier

  Trade-off

  Glycyrrhizin content is not declared and varies with species, root age and origin, so intake cannot be quantified from the label

• Standardised root extract

  An extract of the root alone, standardised to its withanolide content, the constituent family the clinical literature doses by. Root-only sourcing distinguishes it from root-plus-leaf extracts.

  Fits

  Formulas that want the dosing and safety record of the studied preparations, since most trials used standardised root-only extracts at 125 to 600 mg a day.

  Trade-off

  Standardisation states withanolide content, not which withanolides. Extracts differ in their glycoside profile even at the same declared percentage.

  A systematic review of 23 randomised trials in 2,317 generally healthy adults taking standardised ashwagandha root extract at 125 to 600 mg per day, from a single dose to 180 days, found hepatic, renal, haematological, endocrine and cardiovascular biomarkers stayed within normal clinical ranges, reductions in cortisol were consistently observed, testosterone shifts stayed within physiological range, and no serious adverse events were attributed to the extract.

  Coope et al., 2026 (Pharmaceuticals)PMID 42198398
4 more
Alpha-lipoic acid (racemic)
A 50:50 mixture of the R and S enantiomers of lipoic acid, sold as the free acid. The same molecule is also labelled thioctic acid.
Fits
A low-cost form to produce and the one used across most of the older clinical literature, which makes it a straightforward default for a general-purpose formula.
Trade-off
Half of the labelled material is the S enantiomer, which does not occur naturally, and as a free acid it can polymerise when exposed to heat or stomach acid.
In an open-label four-way crossover in 24 adults, a racemic solution produced higher peak plasma concentrations of both enantiomers than the 200, 300, and 600 mg tablet forms.
Hermann et al., 2014 (Clin Pharmacol)
Ubiquinone
The oxidised, quinone form of coenzyme Q10: a fat soluble benzoquinone ring carrying a ten unit isoprenoid tail, supplied as a yellow orange crystalline powder made by yeast fermentation. It is the redox form nearly all CoQ10 raw material ships as, and the form used across the long running clinical trial record.
Fits
Formulas built on that historical trial record, including the cardiovascular outcome trials, which used the oxidised form. As a stable crystalline material it handles well in a factory without the oxygen excluding packing a reduced form asks for, and it goes into softgels, tablets, hard capsules and dry blends alike.
Trade-off
Oral absorption of CoQ10 in any redox form is low and depends heavily on the lipid matrix around it. The head to head crossovers against ubiquinol are small, short and single dose, so they settle little on their own.
Trans-resveratrol
The free stilbene aglycone in its trans geometric configuration, a single molecule of formula C14H12O3 (three hydroxyls on a two-ring stilbene skeleton), sold either purified from plant material or made synthetically.
Fits
It is the geometric isomer characterised across the resveratrol literature and the one most panels standardise to, and it holds its structure in dry capsules and tablets when kept from light and heat.
Trade-off
The trans double bond isomerises toward the cis form under ultraviolet light, and the free aglycone has low water solubility, so it depends on light-protected packaging to keep its declared isomer.
Ethyl ester (EE)
During concentration, EPA and DHA are cleaved from glycerol and each bound individually to ethanol, so every fatty acid rides on its own ethyl group rather than a shared glycerol backbone. This arrangement allows a high EPA and DHA percentage.
Fits
Suits high-concentration products where a large EPA and DHA figure per capsule is the goal and the manufacturer stops at the ester stage rather than re-esterifying.
Trade-off
Each fatty acid is bound to ethanol rather than a shared glycerol backbone, a more processed arrangement than either triglyceride form, and one that does not blend into a food-oil matrix as readily.
In a six-month double-blind RCT in 150 adults, the rise in the omega-3 index (EPA and DHA in red blood cell membranes) with the ethyl ester form was smaller than with an equal dose of re-esterified triglyceride. A two-week trial found lower serum appearance versus natural fish oil.
Neubronner et al., 2011 (Eur J Clin Nutr)PMID 21063431

Descriptions of the form itself, read from the cited studies. Not a comparison between products and not a statement about any individual.

Powder

It is a powder, so the serving scales to the amount you want and mixes into something you already drink.