Nitrosurge.

The gap this formula speaks to.

Public health figures the engine matched to this formula's ingredients. Reported by their source, cited and dated, never written by the brand.

Population figures from public health data. Context for the category, not a statement about any individual and not a claim about this product.

Every one of these is a fact the engine could ground.

Each line below was derived from this formula's own record at the time of verification. Nothing here was written by the brand, and nothing can be added that the evidence does not carry.

• Studied in people17 human studies on PurCaf Organic Caffeine back this formula, each one cited.
• A mechanism that is settledHow L-Citrulline and Betaine Anhydrous work is settled pharmacology.
• Studied together, not just separatelyBetaine Anhydrous and L-Citrulline have been studied together, not only separately.
• Recent work on the recordThe most recent study on this record was published in 2024.
• Serving amount inside the studied rangeEach serving carries 4,500 mg of L-Citrulline, inside the range the published research used.
• A stated daily maintenance amountL-Citrulline is here at a daily maintenance amount, which is what a daily supplement is for.
• Why this formatIt is a powder, so the serving scales to the amount you want and mixes into something you already drink.
• The exact form, describedThe label names its forms exactly: L-Citrulline, Betaine anhydrous (trimethylglycine, free zwitterion), L-Tyrosine. The record says what each one is and what it suits.
• An absorption partner in the same servingL-Citrulline is in the same serving as AstraGin, where it has a measured absorption role.
• Full label disclosureEvery ingredient on this label carries its own declared amount.
• Where it comes from and how it is madeL-Citrulline is made by fermentation.
• Positions this formula already qualifies forThis formula already qualifies for positions beyond the one it is sold into, on the evidence it carries.
• A position nobody is holding yetSome of those positions are ones almost nobody is selling to yet.

The combinations the trials actually measured.

One pairing in this formula has been studied as a combination in human trials. Each finding below is what a named study measured, cited and dated, never written by the brand.

• PurCaf Organic Caffeine + L-TheanineFocus

  In a 2025 meta-analysis of randomized trials in healthy adults, l-theanine taken together with caffeine improved accuracy on attention-switching and vigilance tasks in the second hour after dosing, versus placebo.

  Payne et al., 2025 (Nutrition Reviews)PMID 40314930

  Promising

Findings from trials that studied these actives as a combination. Context for how the actives were tested together, not a statement about any individual and not a claim about this product.

What the trials show about timing.

Time-to-effect windows the engine read from the trial record. Each is a window a named study measured, cited and dated, never written by the brand.

• L-Citrullinewithin about 1 hour of a single doseMeasured within a day

  In a randomised double-blind crossover trial in 19 recreationally active women, a single 8 g dose of citrulline malate taken 60 minutes before testing raised total work in a 5-repetition isokinetic leg extension protocol compared with placebo, with no difference in peak torque and no difference in the 50-repetition protocol. A separate crossover trial in 10 well-trained men using 12 g 60 minutes before high-intensity cycling found no change in time to exhaustion or power.

  Gills et al., 2023 (J Strength Cond Res)PMID 34319940

  Cunniffe et al., 2016 (J Strength Cond Res)PMID 26808848

  Early
• Betaine Anhydrousat least 1 week of daily use, measured at 14 days in the trialBuilds with daily use

  In a randomised double-blind crossover trial in 12 resistance-trained men, 14 days of betaine at 1.25 g twice daily raised bench throw power and isometric bench press force compared with placebo, with no change in jump squat power or repetitions completed. A meta-analysis of 17 trials in 317 participants reported a modest pooled effect on maximal strength of 0.47 standardised mean difference for regimens of at least 7 days.

  Lee et al., 2010 (J Int Soc Sports Nutr)PMID 20642826

  Zawieja et al., 2024 (Journal of Sports Sciences)PMID 39514262

  Promising
• L-Tyrosineabout two hours after a single dose, under cold stressMeasured within a day

  Two controlled crossover trials in cold-exposure stress measured working memory at a set interval after dosing. Eight men took 150 mg per kg of L-tyrosine two hours before a 30 minute delayed matching-to-sample task at 4 degrees Celsius. Matching accuracy at the longest delay returned to the level seen at 22 degrees Celsius. In 19 volunteers immersed twice for 90 minutes in roughly 10 degree water, a 150 mg per kg bar taken before each immersion raised correct responses on the same memory measure. Both were small trials in an induced-stress setting, and a later crossover trial under exercise heat stress in eight men found no cognitive change despite raised serum tyrosine.

  Shurtleff et al., 1994PMID 8029265

  Mahoney et al., 2007PMID 17585971

  Early
• PurCaf Organic Caffeinewithin about 45 to 60 minutes of a single doseMeasured within a day

  In a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial, 15 resistance-trained women took 4 mg per kg body mass of caffeine 60 minutes before a strength and power battery. Squat one-repetition maximum rose 4.5 percent and countermovement jump height 7.6 percent against placebo. A separate crossover trial in 11 active adults began its cycling tests 45 minutes after a 3 mg per kg capsule and recorded a peak-power increase of about 4 percent on the first day of ingestion.

  Norum et al., 2020PMID 32681596

  Lara et al., 2019PMID 30673725

  Promising
• PurCaf Organic Caffeineheld for about 15 to 18 days of daily use, then narrowedBuilds with daily use

  One crossover trial mapped the day-to-day time course in 11 healthy active adults taking 3 mg per kg per day for 20 consecutive days. Peak cycling power in the incremental test stayed about 4.0 percent above placebo for the first 15 days and the difference then lessened. Wingate peak power was still raised on days 1, 4, 15 and 18 by about 4.9 percent. The authors describe the shrinking margin as progressive tolerance. This is one trial with 11 participants.

  Lara et al., 2019PMID 30673725

  Early
• L-Theaninewithin about 45 to 50 minutes of a single doseMeasured within a day

  Two double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trials measured attention at a fixed interval after one oral dose. In 24 overnight sleep-deprived adults aged 20 to 25, a 200 mg dose tested 45 minutes post-dose reduced false alarms on a traffic-scene recognition task and raised target-distractor discriminability. In 27 healthy young adults tested 50 minutes post-dose, 400 mg shortened the parietal P3b event-related potential latency against placebo, with no significant change at 100 or 200 mg. Both trials measured task and electrophysiological markers, not a subjective feeling.

  Karunaratne and Dassanayake, 2024PMID 39052627

  Dassanayake et al., 2020PMID 32777998

  Promising

Windows measured in the cited trials. Context for how the active behaves over time, not a statement about any individual and not a claim about this product.

How each ingredient usually behaves over time.

10 ingredients, from each one's own page.

• L-Citrulline

  Plasma arginine peaks around an hour after a dose, which is when the fuller feeling in working muscle turns up. Performance changes build across one to two weeks.

  Its own page, the plain answer on timing ↗

• Betaine AnhydrousWeeks, not days

  Homocysteine shifts on a blood panel by around four weeks, and training changes gather over a couple of months.

  Its own page, the plain answer on timing ↗

• L-Tyrosine

  Within about an hour of a dose. It shows up most when you're stretched by short sleep, cold, noise or back-to-back pressure. On an easy day there's less for it to do.

  Its own page, the plain answer on timing ↗

• nooLVL

  This one works per dose. The gaming trials measured changes about fifteen minutes after a serving, and the effect tails off over the following few hours.

  Its own page, the plain answer on timing ↗

• PurCaf Organic CaffeineThirty to sixty minutes

  To peak in the blood, and most people notice the shift in alertness inside that first hour. The strongest point lands around ninety minutes.

  Its own page, the plain answer on timing ↗

• AlphaSize Alpha GPCWithin one to two hours

  Focus effects land within one to two hours of a dose. The power output work measured on that same acute timescale, so this is a same-day ingredient rather than a slow build.

  Its own page, the plain answer on timing ↗

How each ingredient usually behaves over time, from its own page on IngredientMD. General timing for the ingredient, not a measurement of this product.

The same ingredient, carried differently.

What each form is, and where it fits in a formula. Measured findings carry the study that reported them.

• L-Citrulline

  The non-protein amino acid citrulline in its uncombined free form, not bonded to another acid, mineral, or carrier. Every labelled gram is citrulline itself.

  Fits

  Suits a formula that wants citrulline on its own with no added acid weight, so the panel gram and the citrulline gram are the same number. Folds cleanly into capsules and unflavored or lightly flavored powders.

  Trade-off

  It carries no malic acid, so a brand following a citrulline-malate dosing protocol cannot match gram-for-gram and has to convert. The plain powder can taste faintly bitter in a simple drink mix.

  In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial, 10 healthy men took 6 g/day of free-form L-citrulline for 7 days. Tolerance to severe-intensity cycling and total work completed were higher than placebo, while L-arginine at the same dose was not.

  Bailey et al., 2015 (J Appl Physiol)
• Betaine anhydrous

  Trimethylglycine, the amino acid glycine carrying three methyl groups on its nitrogen, supplied as a dry zwitterion with no bound water and no counter-ion.

  Fits

  Dissolves readily in water and blends into powders and pre-workout formulas at gram-scale doses, and it carries a high betaine content per gram because there is no bound water or acid weighing the compound down.

  Trade-off

  It is strongly hygroscopic, so it pulls in moisture and can clump or cake in humid conditions, which complicates tableting and storage, and it has a sweet-then-bitter taste that flavored products have to mask.

  In a double-blind randomised controlled trial, 23 untrained young women who took 2.5 g/day betaine anhydrous during 8 weeks of resistance training showed a greater reduction in fat mass and body fat percentage than a placebo group.

  Cholewa et al., 2018 (J Int Soc Sports Nutr)
• L-Tyrosine

  The unmodified crystalline amino acid, carrying no salt, ester, or acetyl group. The form produced by fermentation and used in most tyrosine research.

  Fits

  A straightforward, well-characterised powder that fills capsules, tablets, and dry-powder blends, and is the form used across most human tyrosine studies.

  Trade-off

  It is only sparingly water-soluble, so it disperses poorly in liquids and effervescent formats and can leave grit or need a large volume of fluid to dissolve.

• L-theanine

  The single L-enantiomer as a free amino acid, the form found in tea leaf and the form used in essentially all human trials.

  Fits

  Anyone matching what the trial literature actually tested, and anyone formulating with caffeine.

  Trade-off

  Hygroscopic powder with a faint umami taste that can come through in unflavoured drink mixes.

• AstraGinFormulation aid

  Fine off-white to tan powder, water dispersible, carrying triterpene saponins from both roots. The manufacturer standardises to its own internal marker profile rather than a publicly named compound.

  Fits

  Powders, capsules and tablets where the formulator wants a fixed, repeatable material at a low inclusion rate.

  Trade-off

  The composition and marker set are held as proprietary, so an independent laboratory cannot assay a batch against a published specification or compare two lots.

Descriptions of the form itself, read from the cited studies. Not a comparison between products and not a statement about any individual.

Powder

It is a powder, so the serving scales to the amount you want and mixes into something you already drink.